Spacers for ion-exchange device
Provided are spacers, ion-exchange devices comprising spacers, and methods of preparing spacers for improved fluid distribution and sealing throughout an ion-exchange device. These spacers can include an internal cavity surrounded by a perimeter of the spacer. The perimeter can have a first opening and a second opening within the perimeter, and the first opening and the second opening can be located on opposite sides of the internal cavity. The spacers can also have a first and second plurality of channels located within the perimeter, wherein each channel of the first and second plurality of channels extends from the internal cavity towards the first opening or the second opening.
1. An ion-exchange device comprising:
a first electrode;
a first cationic-exchange membrane;
a first intermembrane chamber comprising a first spacer border, the first spacer border comprising a first internal cavity, a first inlet opening, a second inlet opening, and a first plurality of channels;
a first anionic-exchange membrane;
a intermembrane chamber comprising a second spacer border, the second spacer border comprising a second internal cavity, a third inlet opening, a fourth inlet opening, and a second plurality of channels;
a second cationic-exchange membrane; and
a second electrode,
wherein the first electrode, the first cationic-exchange membrane, the first spacer border, the first anionic-exchange membrane, the second spacer border, the second cationic-exchange membrane, and the second electrode are sandwiched between a pair of compression plates,
wherein the first plurality of channels is located between the first inlet opening and the first internal cavity of the first spacer border, wherein each channel of the first plurality of channels extends from the first internal cavity towards the first inlet opening, and the second plurality of channels is located between the third inlet opening and the second internal cavity of the second spacer border, wherein each channel of the second plurality of channels extends from the second internal cavity towards the third inlet opening of the second spacer border, and
wherein a total area of the first inlet opening is different than a total area of the second inlet opening, and a total area of the third inlet opening is different that a total area of the fourth inlet opening.
2. The ion-exchange device of claim 1 , wherein the first spacer border and the second spacer border comprise a polymer having a stiffness greater than 2.5 GPa.
3. The ion-exchange device of claim 1 , wherein the first spacer border and the second spacer border comprise polyethylene terephthalate.
4. The ion-exchange device of claim 1 , wherein the channels of the first plurality of channels and the channels of the second plurality of channels each comprise a width of 0.005 inches to 0.015 inches.
5. The ion-exchange device of claim 1 , wherein the first spacer and the second spacer each comprise a thickness of 0.003 inches to 0.020 inches.
6. The ion-exchange device of claim 1 , wherein the first spacer and the second spacer each comprise a thickness of 0.003 inches to 0.010 inches.
7. The ion-exchange device of claim 1 , wherein the first cationic-exchange membrane, the first anionic-exchange membrane, and the second cationic-exchange membrane comprise a thickness equal to or less than 0.020 inches.
8. The ion-exchange device of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of channels are arranged in a first array configuration and the second plurality of channels are arranged in a second array configuration.
9. The ion-exchange device of claim 8 , wherein the channels of the first plurality of channels of the first array configuration extend from an inlet opening radially outward towards the first internal cavity of the first spacer border.
10. The ion-exchange device of claim 8 , wherein the first spacer comprises a fifth inlet opening, a third plurality of channels, and a third array configuration, wherein the channels of the third plurality of channels of the third array configuration extend from the first internal cavity radially inward towards the fifth inlet opening of the first spacer border.
11. The ion-exchange device of claim 10 , wherein the first array configuration is spatially related to the third array configuration such that the first array configuration is a 180° rotation of the third array configuration with respect to a central location of the first spacer.
12. The ion-exchange device of claim 1 , wherein a first spacer mesh and the first spacer border are integral, and a second spacer mesh and the second spacer border are integral.
13. The ion-exchange device of claim 1 , wherein a first spacer mesh and the first spacer border are separate components, and a second spacer mesh and the second spacer border are separate components.
14. The ion-exchange device of claim 1 , wherein the total area of the first inlet opening and the total area of the third inlet opening are the same.
15. The ion-exchange device of claim 1 , wherein the total area of the second inlet opening and the total area of the fourth inlet opening are the same.