Broadband multiple layer dielectric resonator antenna and array thereof
A dielectric resonator antenna, DRA, includes: a ground structure; a plurality of volumes of dielectric materials disposed on the ground structure having N volumes V 1 to V N , N being an integer equal to or greater than 3; a signal feed disposed and structured to be electromagnetically coupled to one or more of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials; wherein adjacent ones of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials have different dielectric constants with respect to each other; wherein each volume V 2 to V N−1 includes a dielectric material other than air; and, wherein at least volume V 1 has a cross sectional shape as observed in an elevation view with an overall height that is greater than half its respective overall width.
1. A dielectric resonator antenna, DRA, comprising:
an electrically conductive ground structure;
a plurality of volumes of dielectric materials disposed on the ground structure comprising N volumes, N being an integer equal to or greater than 3, disposed to form successive and sequential layered volumes V i , i being an integer from 1 to N, wherein volume V 1 forms an innermost first volume, wherein a successive volume V i+1 forms a layered shell disposed over and at least partially embedding volume V i , wherein volume V N at least partially embeds all volumes V 1 to V N−1 ;
a signal feed disposed and structured to be electromagnetically coupled to one or more of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials;
wherein adjacent ones of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials have different dielectric constants with respect to each other;
wherein each volume V 2 to V N−1 comprises a dielectric material other than air; and
wherein at least volume V 1 has a cross sectional shape as observed in an elevation view with an overall height that is greater than half its respective overall width.
2. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein each successive volume V i+1 forms a layered shell disposed over and completely 100% embedding volume V i .
3. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein volume V N completely 100% embeds all volumes V 1 to V N−1 .
4. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein the signal feed is disposed within an opening of the ground structure in non-electrical contact with the ground structure, and is disposed within one of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials.
5. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein the DRA when electromagnetically excited by an electrical signal on the signal feed is configured to produce a far field 3D radiation pattern that occupies a topological space corresponding to a single element homotopy group defined by a family of closed loop paths that are each contractible at a single point within the 3D radiation pattern.
6. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein:
the first volume V 1 has a dielectric constant equal to that of air.
7. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein:
the signal feed is disposed within and electromagnetically coupled to the first volume V 1 of dielectric material; and
each volume of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials has a central longitudinal axis that is centrally disposed relative to a longitudinal axis of the signal feed, the longitudinal axis of the signal feed being perpendicular to the ground structure.
8. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein:
the signal feed is disposed within and electromagnetically coupled to one of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials that is other than the first volume V 1 of dielectric material.
9. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein:
each volume of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials has a central longitudinal axis that is centrally disposed relative to each other, each central longitudinal axis being perpendicular to the ground structure.
10. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein:
each volume of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials has a cylindrical shape.
11. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein:
each volume of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials has a cylindrical shape axially centered on each other and axially centered on the signal feed.
12. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein:
the signal feed is disposed within and electromagnetically coupled to the second volume V 2 of dielectric material.
13. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein:
the signal feed is disposed within one of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials; and
each volume of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials form respective arched volumes, and the embedded signal feed forms an arch, each arched volume of the respective arched volumes of the plurality of volumes of dielectric materials having both ends of the respective arched volume disposed on the electrically conductive ground structure.
14. The DRA of claim 13 , wherein:
the signal feed is disposed within and electromagnetically coupled to the first volume V 1 of dielectric material.
15. The DRA of claim 14 , wherein:
the signal feed is arched within the first volume V 1 of dielectric material and enters the first volume V 1 off center from a zenith axis of the first volume V 1 .
16. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein:
the signal feed comprises a copper wire, a coaxial cable, a microstrip, a waveguide, a surface integrated waveguide, or a conductive ink.
17. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein:
the first volume V 1 has an upper portion and a lower portion, the lower portion being wider than the upper portion.
18. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein:
N is greater than 3.
19. The DRA of claim 1 , wherein:
N is greater than 3 and equal to or less than 5.
20. A DRA array, comprising:
a plurality of DRA's according to claim 1 arranged in an x by y array pattern, where x and y are integers.
21. The DRA array of claim 20 , wherein:
x is equal to y.