Preparation of disulfide corrosion inhibitors by electrochemical methods
A method of synthesizing a disulfide compound is provided. The method may include providing an electrochemical cell that has a compartment, an anode, and a cathode. The compartment may contain a solution of one or more thiol compounds, a catalyst, and a solvent. The method may also include providing an electrical current to the electrochemical cell and converting the one or more thiol compounds into the disulfide compound.
1. A method of synthesizing 2,2′-dithiodiethanol, comprising:
providing an electrochemical cell comprising a compartment, an anode, and a cathode, wherein the compartment contains a solution comprising 2-mercaptoethanol, a catalyst, and a solvent;
providing an electrical current to the electrochemical cell; and
converting the 2-mercaptoethanol into 2,2′-dithiodiethanol in the solution,
wherein the 2-mercaptoethanol has a concentration in the solution ranging from about 50 to about 90 percent by weight.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a concentration in the solution ranging from about 0.001 to about 10 percent by weight.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane, acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol, isopropanol, methanol, water, and any combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, sodium bromide, sodium chloride, sodium iodide, potassium carbonate, a salt of perchloric acid, or any combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical current is from about 100 mA to greater than about 1000 mA.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a step selected from the group consisting of removing a portion of the solution from the compartment, feeding 2-mercaptoethanol into the compartment, feeding a catalyst into the compartment, separating 2,2′-dithiodiethanol from the solution, recycling unreacted 2-mercaptoethanol into the compartment, and any combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating gas bubbles at the cathode.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the gas bubbles comprise hydrogen.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anode and cathode are coated in platinum.
10. A method of synthesizing a compound of formula (I), comprising:
providing an electrochemical cell comprising a compartment, an anode, and a cathode, wherein the compartment contains a solution comprising a compound of formula (II), a compound of formula (III), a catalyst, and a solvent;
R 1 —SH (II)
R 2 —SH (III)
providing an electrical current to the electrochemical cell; and
converting the compound of formula (II) and the compound of formula (III) into the compound of formula (I) in the solution,
where R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkynyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 4 -C 6 aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 4 -C 6 heteroaryl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 4 -C 6 heterocyclyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 4 -C 6 cycloalkyl,
wherein a combined concentration of the compound of formula (II) and the compound of formula (III) in the solution ranges from about 50 to about 90 percent by weight.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein R 1 is a substituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl, and each substituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl is substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CO 2 H, and —NR 3 x R 4 y , wherein R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, an alkyl group, an aryl group and an aralkyl group, and wherein X and Y are independently selected from 0 or 1 such that X+Y=1 or 2, and if X+Y=1, then one of R 3 or R 4 is H.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C 4 -C 6 aryl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 4 -C 6 heteroaryl.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein R 2 is a substituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl, and each substituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl is substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —OH and —CO 2 H.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein R 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted C 4 -C 6 aryl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 4 -C 6 heteroaryl.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of 2,2′-dithiodiethanol, 2,2′-dithiodiacetic acid, 2,2′-dithiodipyridine, 2-aminophenyl disulfide, 4-aminophenyl disulfide, 3,3′-dihydroxydiphenyl disulfide, 4,4′-dithiodibutyric acid, 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid, 2-amino ethane thiol, 2-N,N-dimethyl amino-ethane thiol, and 2-N-phenyl amino-propane thiol.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are identical.
17. A method of synthesizing a corrosion inhibitor, comprising:
providing an electrochemical cell comprising a compartment, an anode, and a cathode, wherein the compartment contains a solution comprising a thiol, a catalyst, and a solvent;
providing an electrical current to the electrochemical cell; and
converting the thiol into a disulfide in the solution, wherein the disulfide is a corrosion inhibitor,
wherein the thiol has a concentration in the solution ranging from about 50 to about 90 percent by weight.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor is 2,2′-dithiodiethanol, 2,2′-dithiodiacetic acid, 2,2′-dithiodipyridine, 2-aminophenyl disulfide, 4-aminophenyl disulfide, 3,3′-dihydroxydiphenyl disulfide, 4,4′-dithiodibutyric acid, 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid, 2-amino ethane thiol, 2-N,N-dimethyl amino-ethane thiol, or 2-N-phenyl amino-propane thiol.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the thiol is 2-mercaptoethanol, 2-mercaptoacetic acid, 3-mercaptopropanoic acid, 4-mercaptobutanoic acid, 3-mercaptophenol, 4-aminobenzenethiol, 2-aminobenzenethiol, or pyridine-2-thiol.