Apparatus and methods for scalable field of view imaging using a multi-source system

1. A multimodal imaging apparatus, comprising:

a rotatable gantry system positioned at least partially around a patient support;

a first radiation source coupled to the rotatable gantry system, the first radiation source configured for imaging radiation;

a first beamformer configured to adjust a shape of a first radiation beam emitted by the first radiation source;

a second radiation source coupled to the rotatable gantry system, the second radiation source configured for at least one of imaging radiation or therapeutic radiation, wherein the second radiation source comprises an energy level more than the first radiation source;

a second beamformer configured to adjust a shape of a second radiation beam emitted by the second radiation source; and

at least one radiation detector coupled to the rotatable gantry system and positioned to receive radiation from at least one of the first radiation source and the second radiation source;

wherein the apparatus acquires first measured projection data associated with a first region of a patient from the first radiation source and second measured projection data associated with a second region of the patient from the second radiation source during a scan and at least one of:

augments the first measured projection data using the second measured projection data; and

augments the second measured projection data using the first measured projection data.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first source of radiation comprises a kilo-electron volt peak photon energy (keV) up to 150 keV and the second source of radiation comprises a mega-electron volt peak photon energy (MeV) of 1 MeV or greater.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second radiation source comprises a peak energy of 3 MeV and an average energy of about 1 MeV.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a data processing system configured to:

receive the first measured projection data and the second measured projection data; and

combine the first measured projection data and the second measured projection data for processing data or reconstructing an image of the patient.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first measured projection data and the second measured projection data are acquired simultaneously or less than or equal to 50 ms from each other.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first region and the second region overlap each other.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first measured projection data is truncated in the second region or the second measured projection data is truncated in the first region.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the scan comprises a helical scan.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:

the at least one radiation detector comprises:

a first detector coupled to the rotatable gantry system and positioned to receive radiation from the first radiation source; and

a second detector coupled to the rotatable gantry system and positioned to receive radiation from the second radiation source;

the second beamformer and the second detector are configured such that the second radiation beam projects through the second region in a transaxial plane of the patient and does not project through all of the first region in the transaxial plane of the patient;

the first beamformer and the first detector are configured such that the first radiation beam projects through the first region of the patient; and

estimated projection data from the second radiation source in the first region is based on the first measured projection data.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the first region comprises a peripheral region of the patient and the second region comprises a central region of the patient.

11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the first radiation beam and the second radiation beam overlap in the transaxial plane.

12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein a maximum transaxial field-of-view available via the second detector is less than a width of the patient in the transaxial plane.

13. The apparatus of 1 , wherein the first beamformer comprises:

a first aperture configured such that the first radiation beam projects through a target region in a transaxial plane of the patient via the first aperture; and

a second aperture configured such that the first radiation beam projects through a peripheral region in the transaxial plane of the patient via the second aperture;

wherein the target region and the peripheral region do not overlap in the transaxial plane; and

the at least one radiation detector comprises a first detector coupled to the rotatable gantry system and positioned to receive radiation from the first radiation source, wherein the first detector is in a fixed position with an outermost edge of the first detector located outside of an outermost projected patient boundary during the scan.

14. The apparatus of 13 , wherein estimated projection data from the first radiation source between the target region and the peripheral region is based on the second measured projection data.

15. The apparatus of 14 , wherein:

the at least one radiation detector comprises a second detector coupled to the rotatable gantry system and positioned to receive radiation from the second radiation source; and

the second beamformer and the second detector are configured such that the second radiation beam projects through an intermediate region between the target region and the peripheral region in the transaxial plane of the patient;

wherein the intermediate region overlaps the target region and the peripheral region in the transaxial plane.

16. The apparatus of 1 , wherein:

the at least one radiation detector comprises a first detector coupled to the rotatable gantry system and positioned to receive radiation from the first radiation source, wherein the first beamformer and the first detector are configured in a transaxial plane such that the first radiation beam projects through every point of a target region of the patient during the scan;

wherein for any angular location of the first radiation source, any transaxial point in the target region of the patient is visible by the first radiation source at any sampled azimuth angle, and wherein the first beamformer is dynamically collimated during the scan.

17. The apparatus of 16 , wherein:

the first beamformer and the first detector are configured in an axial direction such that a first axial field-of-view (FOV) associated with the first radiation source is larger than a second axial FOV associated with the second radiation source;

the first beamformer and the first detector are configured in a transaxial direction such that for any angular location of the first radiation source, any point in a first transaxial FOV associated with the first radiation source and in the second axial FOV associated with the second radiation source is visible by the first radiation source at any sampled azimuth angle;

estimated projection data from the second radiation source is based on the first measured projection data when projections of the patient extend beyond the second transaxial FOV; and

the image is used for material decomposition within an overlapped region of the first transaxial FOV and the second transaxial FOV, resulting in basis material images.

18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first radiation source is coupled to a first rotatable gantry of the rotatable gantry system and the second radiation source is coupled to a second rotatable gantry of the rotatable gantry system.

19. A method of acquiring projection data from a multimodal imaging apparatus, comprising:

receiving first measured projection data associated with a first region of a patient from a first radiation source, the first radiation source configured for imaging radiation;

receiving second measured projection data associated with a second region of the patient from a second radiation source, the second radiation source configured for at least one of imaging radiation or therapeutic radiation, wherein the second radiation source comprises an energy level more than the first radiation source;

providing the first measured projection data and the second measured projection data for reconstructing an image of the patient, the reconstructing comprising at least one of:

augmenting the first measured projection data using the second measured projection data; and

augmenting the second measured projection data using the first measured projection data.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the first measured projection data and the second measured projection data are acquired simultaneously or within about 50 ms of each other.

21. A radiotherapy delivery device comprising:

a rotatable gantry system positioned at least partially around a patient support;

a first radiation source coupled to the rotatable gantry system, the first radiation source configured for imaging radiation;

a first beamformer configured to adjust a shape of a first radiation beam emitted by the first radiation source;

a second radiation source coupled to the rotatable gantry system, the second radiation source configured for at least one of imaging radiation or therapeutic radiation, wherein the second radiation source comprises an energy level more than the first radiation source;

a second beamformer configured to adjust a shape of a second radiation beam emitted by the second radiation source; and

at least one radiation detector coupled to the rotatable gantry system and positioned to receive radiation from at least one of the first radiation source or the second radiation source; and

a data processing system configured to:

receive first measured projection data from the first radiation source and second measured projection data from the second radiation source;

at least one of:

augment the first measured projection data using the second measured projection data; and

augment the second measured projection data using the first measured projection data; and

combine the first measured projection data and the second measured projection data to reconstruct an image for online adaptive IGRT.