Luminescent materials including a luminescent benzothiazole, articles including a security feature, and methods of forming luminescent particles including a luminescent benzothiazole
Luminescent materials that include a luminescent phosphor compound, articles including a security feature, and methods for producing the luminescent phosphor compounds are provided herein. In an embodiment, a luminescent material includes a medium and luminescent particles. The luminescent particles include a luminescent benzothiazole having a ureido linkage. The luminescent benzothiazole has a peak intensity within a wavelength of from about 555 to about 630 nm in response to excitation with electromagnetic radiation at a wavelength of about 366 nm.
1. A luminescent material comprising:
a medium chosen from the group of an ink, an ink additive, a glue, a polymer, a plastic, plastic base resin, a glass, a ceramic, a metal, a textile, wood, fiber, paper pulp, and paper; and
luminescent particles comprising a luminescent benzothiazole having a ureido linkage, wherein
the ureido linkage joins a benzothiazolyl-containing group and an optionally halogenated phenyl group in the luminescent benzothiazole;
the benzothiazolyl-containing group is a phenylbenzothiazolyl group wherein the ureido linkage joins the phenylbenzothiazolyl group to the optionally halogenated phenyl group in the luminescent benzothiazole; and
the phenylbenzothiazolyl group is free from pendant hydroxyl groups;
wherein the luminescent particles comprise the luminescent benzothiazole in an amount of at least 99 weight % based upon a total weight of the luminescent particles.
2. The luminescent material of claim 1 , wherein the luminescent benzothiazole has the following structure:
wherein R 1 is H, a halogen radical, an alkyl group, an ester group, an ether group, an aromatic group, or an alkoxy group; R 2 is H, a halogen radical, an alkyl group, an ester group, an ether group, an aromatic group, or an alkoxy group, wherein R 1 and R 2 may represent bonds of an aromatic group to the phenyl group to form a polycyclic aromatic group; and R 3 is H, a halogen radical, or an alkyl group.
3. The luminescent material of claim 2 , wherein R 1 is H, a halogen radical, an alkyl group, an ester group, an ether group, an aromatic group, or an alkoxy group; R 2 is H; and R 3 is H.
4. The luminescent material of claim 1 , wherein the luminescent benzothiazole is the reaction product of 2-aminophenylbenzothiazole and an optionally halogenated phenylisocyanate.
5. A method of forming luminescent particles, wherein the method comprises:
heating a mixture comprising an amino-functional benzothiazole reactant and an organic solvent to a temperature of greater than about 60° C.;
adding an isocyanate-containing compound to the mixture after heating to the temperature of greater than about 60° C. to form a reaction mixture;
maintaining the reaction mixture at the temperature of greater than about 60° C. for a reaction period to form luminescent particles comprising a luminescent benzothiazole having a ureido linkage.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising separating the luminescent particles as precipitate from a liquid portion of the reaction mixture after the reaction period.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein heating the mixture comprises heating the mixture to reflux conditions wherein vapor from the mixture is returned to the mixture prior to adding the isocyanate-containing compound.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the luminescent particles are formed at a yield of at least 75 weight % based upon a theoretical yield of the luminescent particles from the reaction.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the amino-functional benzothiazole reactant is 2-aminophenylbenzothiazole and the isocyanate-containing compound is an optionally halogenated phenylisocyanate.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the isocyanate-containing compound is a halogenated phenylisocyanate.
11. A luminescent material comprising:
a medium chosen from the group of an ink, an ink additive, a glue, a polymer, a plastic, plastic base resin, a glass, a ceramic, a metal, a textile, wood, fiber, paper pulp, and paper; and
luminescent particles comprising a luminescent benzothiazole having a ureido linkage, wherein
the ureido linkage joins a benzothiazolyl-containing group and an optionally halogenated phenyl group in the luminescent benzothiazole;
the benzothiazolyl-containing group is a phenylbenzothiazolyl group wherein the ureido linkage joins the phenylbenzothiazolyl group to the optionally halogenated phenyl group in the luminescent benzothiazole;
wherein the phenylbenzothiazolyl group is free from pendant hydroxyl groups.