Methods for the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression
The disclosure provides methods of reducing MMP-9 expression and/or MMP-9 activity in a mammalian subject. The disclosure also provides methods of increasing TIMP-1 expression and/or TIMP-1 activity in a mammalian subject. The methods comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide to a subject in need thereof.
1. A method for ameliorating a reduction in left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) in a mammalian subject in need thereof comprising administering the mammalian subject a therapeutically effective amount of D-Arg-2′6′-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH 2 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the subject has suffered a myocardial infarction, wherein ameliorating a reduction in LVFS comprises reducing matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) gene expression, and wherein ameliorating a reduction in LVFS comprises increasing tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) gene expression.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic-cationic peptide is administered about 0.5 hours to about 4 hours after the myocardial infarction.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a human.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peptide is administered orally, topically, systemically, intravenously, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, or intramuscularly.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising separately, sequentially or simultaneously administering a cardiovascular agent to the subject.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cardiovascular agent is selected from the group consisting of an anti-arrhthymia agent, a vasodilator, an anti-anginal agent, a corticosteroid, a cardioglycoside, a diuretic, a sedative, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, an angiotensin II antagonist, a thrombolytic agent, a calcium channel blocker, a throboxane receptor antagonist, a radical scavenger, an anti-platelet drug, a β-adrenaline receptor blocking drug, an α-receptor blocking drug, a sympathetic nerve inhibitor, a digitalis formulation, an inotrope, captopril, and an antihyperlipidemic drug.
7. A method for ameliorating a reduction in left ventricular stroke volume or left ventricular ejection fraction in a mammalian subject in need thereof comprising administering the mammalian subject a therapeutically effective amount of D-Arg-2′6′-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH 2 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the subject has suffered a myocardial infarction, wherein ameliorating a reduction in left ventricular stroke volume or left ventricular ejection fraction comprises reducing matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) gene expression, and wherein ameliorating a reduction in left ventricular stroke volume or left ventricular ejection fraction comprises increasing tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) gene expression.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the aromatic-cationic peptide is administered about 0.5 hours to about 4 hours after the myocardial infarction.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the subject is a human.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the peptide is administered orally, topically, systemically, intravenously, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, or intramuscularly.
11. The method of claim 7 , further comprising separately, sequentially or simultaneously administering a cardiovascular agent to the subject.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the cardiovascular agent is selected from the group consisting of an anti-arrhthymia agent, a vasodilator, an anti-anginal agent, a corticosteroid, a cardioglycoside, a diuretic, a sedative, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, an angiotensin II antagonist, a thrombolytic agent, a calcium channel blocker, a throboxane receptor antagonist, a radical scavenger, an anti-platelet drug, a β-adrenaline receptor blocking drug, an α-receptor blocking drug, a sympathetic nerve inhibitor, a digitalis formulation, an inotrope, captopril, and an antihyperlipidemic drug.