Additive manufacturing system for object creation from powder using a high flux laser for two-dimensional printing

1. A method of additive manufacture, the method comprising:

providing an enclosure surrounding a powder bed and having an atmosphere including a helium gas;

directing a laser beam having a flux greater than 0.1 megawatts/square centimeter at a defined two dimensional region of the powder bed; and

melting and fusing powder within the defined two dimensional region of the powder bed, with less than 50% of a mass of powder particles being displaced in another defined two dimensional region sharing at least one of an edge and a corner with the defined two dimensional region of the powder bed where the powder melting and fusing occur,

wherein the atmosphere further comprises an inert sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF 6 ) that displaces other gases evolved from the powder during heating of the powder and at least one of i-C 4 H 10 , cic-2, C 4 H 7 , 1,3-C 4 H 6 , 1,2-C 4 H 6 , C 5 H 12 , i-C 5 H 12 , C 2 H 3 Cl, C 8 H 18 , C 10 H 22 , C 11 H 24 , C 12 H 26 , C 13 H 28 , C 14 H 30 , C 15 H 32 , C 16 H 34 , C 6 H 6 , C 6 H 5 —CH 3 , C 8 H 10 , C 2 H 5 OH, CH 3 OH, and iC 4 H 8 .

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the helium gas atmosphere is at least 1% helium by volume.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the helium gas atmosphere in the enclosure is maintained at greater than 0 bar of absolute pressure and up to 100 bar of absolute pressure.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the helium gas atmosphere in the enclosure is maintained at a temperature between 20 and 5000 degrees Kelvin.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser beam flux is between 0.1 megawatts per square centimeter and 10 gigawatts per square centimeter.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the defined two dimensional region of the powder bed is between 0.0025 square centimeters and 2500 square centimeters.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of a powder layer on the powder bed is between 0.01 micron and 5000 microns.

8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

adjusting at least one of the laser beam flux or area of the defined two dimensional region of the powder bed where the powder melting and fusing occur in response to a detected area of a halo formed by a preliminary halo test.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein a detected radius of the halo is greater than 50 microns beyond a boundary of the defined two dimensional region of the powder bed where the powder melting and fusing occur.

10. A method of additive manufacture, the method comprising:

providing an enclosure surrounding a powder bed and having an atmosphere including a helium gas (He), an inert sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF 6 ) that displaces other gases evolved from a powder during heating of the powder, and at least one of i-C 4 H 10 , cic-2, C 4 H 7 , 1,3-C 4 H 6 , 1,2-C 4 H 6 , C 5 H 12 , i-C 5 H 12 , C 2 H 3 Cl, C 8 H 18 , C 10 H 22 , C 11 H 24 , C 12 H 26 , C 13 H 28 , C 14 H 30 , C 15 H 32 , C 16 H 34 , C 6 H 6 , C 6 H 5 —CH 3 , C 8 H 10 , C 2 H 5 OH, CH 3 OH, and iC 4 H 8 ;

directing a laser beam having a flux greater than 0.1 megawatts/square centimeter at a defined two dimensional region of the powder bed; and

melting and fusing the powder within the defined two dimensional region of the powder bed, with less than 50% of a mass of powder particles being displaced in another defined two dimensional region sharing at least one of an edge and a corner with the defined two dimensional region of the powder bed where the powder melting and fusing occur,

wherein at least 50% of the atmosphere is comprised of the helium gas which is heated to greater than 20 degrees Celsius.