Calibrated dose control
Methods and vaporizer apparatuses that estimate, measure and/or predict the amount of vapor and/or material (including active ingredients) released by the vaporizer apparatus. In particular, described herein are electronic vaporizers and methods of using them that determine a dose/amount of vapor and/or a material in the vapor based primarily or exclusively on the electrical and thermal properties, e.g., power or energy applied to the vaporizing element (e.g., heating coil) and the temperature of the material immediately before and as it is vaporized. Dose information may be used to control operation of the device and/or reported to the user.
1. A method of estimating an amount of a substance delivered to a user of a vaporizer device over a dose interval, the method comprising:
determining an amount of power applied to a heater of the vaporizer device, the heater configured to vaporize a vaporizable material;
determining an initial temperature of the heater at a first time, the first time being at the start of the dose interval;
determining a second temperature of the heater of the vaporizer device at a second time, the second time subsequent to the first time;
determining, based on the amount of power applied to the heater and a difference between the initial temperature and the second temperature, the estimated amount of the substance delivered to the user of the vaporizer device;
calculating, based on a first constant multiplied by the difference between the initial temperature and the second temperature, a first value;
calculating, based on a second constant multiplied by the second temperature, a second value;
calculating, based on the power applied to the heater subtracted by both the first and second values, a third value; and
calculating, based on a third constant multiplied by the third value, the estimated amount of the substance delivered to the user of the vaporizer device.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaporizer device comprises the vaporizable material.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises the substance.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substance comprises an amount of an active ingredient delivered to the user.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises nicotine and a carrier.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the carrier comprises one or more glycols.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises a tobacco-based material.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises a botanical.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises a nicotine compound.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises a cannabinoid.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises at least one of: cetirizine, ibuprofen, naproxen, omeprazole, doxylamine, diphenhydramine, melatonin, or meclizine.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises at least one of: albuterol, levalbuterol, pirbuterol, salmeterol, formoterol, atropine sulfate, ipratropium bromide, fluticasone, budesonide, mometasone, montelukast, zafirlukast, theophylline, fluticasone and salmeterol, budesonide and formoterol, and mometasone and formoterol.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises at least one of: a polyphenol, a green tea catechin, caffeine, a phenol, a glycoside, a labdane diterpenoid, yohimbine, a proanthocyanidin, terpene glycoside, an omega fatty acid, echinacoside, an alkaloid, isovaleric acid, a terpene, gamma-aminobutyric acid, a senna glycoside, cinnamaldehyde, and Vitamin D.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises a nicotine salt, glycerin, and propylene glycol.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the estimated amount of the substance delivered to the user comprises an estimate of the substance delivered during the dose interval.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
detecting a user's puff on the vaporizer device, wherein a time period corresponding to a duration of the detected user's puff comprises the dose interval.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
determining, for a time period comprising a plurality of partial dose intervals, a plurality of estimated partial doses delivered to the user based on: power applied to the heater before or at a start of each partial dose interval, a temperature of the heater at the start and at an end of each partial dose interval; and
determining, based on a sum of the plurality of estimated partial doses, a total estimated dosage delivered to the user over the time period.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein determining the total estimated dosage delivered comprises aggregating the plurality of estimated partial doses as each of the plurality of estimated partial doses are calculated.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
disabling the vaporizer device when the estimated amount of the substance delivered, over a time period, meets or exceeds a preset threshold.
20. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
alerting the user when the estimated amount of the substance delivered, over a time period, meets or exceeds a preset threshold.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the initial temperature comprises calculating, based on an electrical property of the heater that is proportional to a temperature of the heater, an estimate of the initial temperature.
22. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
transmitting, by the vaporizer device to a separate device for determining the estimated amount of the substance, one or more of the amount of power applied to the heater, the initial temperature, and the second temperature.
23. A vaporizer device comprising:
a heater configured to vaporize a vaporizable material; and
one or more controllers configured to perform operations comprising:
determining an amount of power applied to the heater;
determining an initial temperature of the heater at a first time, the first time being at the start of a dose interval;
determining a second temperature of the heater at a second time, the second time subsequent to the first time;
determining, based on the amount of power applied to the heater and a difference between the initial temperature and the second temperature, an estimated amount of a substance delivered to a user;
determining, based on at least one of a latent heat of the vaporizable material, a specific heat of the vaporizable material, and a mass of the vaporizable material and the heater, a set of constants;
calculating, based on the set of constants, the initial temperature, the second temperature, and the power applied to the heater, the estimated amount of the substance delivered to the user of the vaporizer device; and
calibrating the vaporizer device by updating one or more constants in the set of constants.
24. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the vaporizer device comprises the vaporizable material.
25. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises the substance.
26. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the substance comprises an amount of an active ingredient delivered to the user.
27. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises nicotine and a carrier.
28. The vaporizer device of claim 27 , wherein the carrier comprises one or more glycols.
29. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises a tobacco-based material.
30. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises a botanical.
31. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises a nicotine compound.
32. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises a cannabinoid.
33. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises at least one of: cetirizine, ibuprofen, naproxen, omeprazole, doxylamine, diphenhydramine, melatonin, or meclizine.
34. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises at least one of: albuterol, levalbuterol, pirbuterol, salmeterol, formoterol, atropine sulfate, ipratropium bromide, fluticasone, budesonide, mometasone, montelukast, zafirlukast, theophylline, fluticasone and salmeterol, budesonide and formoterol, and mometasone and formoterol.
35. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises at least one of: a polyphenol, a green tea catechin, caffeine, a phenol, a glycoside, a labdane diterpenoid, yohimbine, a proanthocyanidin, terpene glycoside, an omega fatty acid, echinacoside, an alkaloid, isovaleric acid, a terpene, gamma-aminobutyric acid, a senna glycoside, cinnamaldehyde, and Vitamin D.
36. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the vaporizable material comprises a nicotine salt, glycerin, and propylene glycol.
37. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the estimated amount of the substance delivered to the user comprises an estimate of the substance delivered during the dose interval.
38. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the operations further comprise:
detecting a user's puff on the vaporizer device, wherein a time period corresponding to a duration of the detected user's puff comprises the dose interval.
39. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the operations further comprise:
determining, for a time period comprising a plurality of partial dose intervals, a plurality of estimated partial doses delivered to the user based on: power applied to the heater before or at a start of each partial dose interval, a temperature of the heater at the start and at an end of each partial dose interval; and
determining, based on a sum of the plurality of estimated partial doses, a total estimated dosage delivered to the user over the time period.
40. The vaporizer device of claim 39 , wherein determining the total estimated dosage delivered comprises aggregating the plurality of estimated partial doses as each of the plurality of estimated partial doses are calculated.
41. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the operations further comprise:
disabling the vaporizer device when the estimated amount of the substance delivered, over a time period, meets or exceeds a preset threshold.
42. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the operations further comprise:
alerting the user when the estimated amount of the substance delivered, over a time period, meets or exceeds a preset threshold.
43. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein determining the initial temperature comprises calculating, based on an electrical property of the heater that is proportional to a temperature of the heater, an estimate of the initial temperature.
44. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the one or more controllers comprise one or more of operating logic and software instructions.
45. The vaporizer device of claim 23 , wherein the one or more controllers comprise a heater controller.
46. A vaporizer device comprising:
a heater configured to vaporize a vaporizable material; and
one or more controllers configured to perform operations comprising:
determining an amount of power applied to the heater;
determining an initial temperature of the heater at a first time, the first time being at the start of a dose interval;
determining a second temperature of the heater at a second time, the second time subsequent to the first time;
determining, based on the amount of power applied to the heater and a difference between the initial temperature and the second temperature, an estimated amount of a substance delivered to a user;
calculating, based on a first constant multiplied by the difference between the initial temperature and the second temperature, a first value;
calculating, based on a second constant multiplied by the second temperature, a second value;
calculating, based on the power applied to a heater subtracted by both the first and second values, a third value; and
calculating, based on a third constant multiplied by the third value, the estimated amount of the substance delivered to the user of the vaporizer device.