Methods of conducting coiled tubing operations
Aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods of coating a coiled tubing string, methods of conducting tubing operations using a coated tubing string, and associated apparatus thereof. In one implementation, a method of conducting a coiled tubing operation, includes forming a tubing string. The tubing string has a central annulus, an inner surface, and an outer surface, and the tubing string is formed from a metallic material. The method also includes coiling the tubing string onto a spool, and moving a coating into the central annulus. The method also includes curing the coating onto the inner surface of the tubing string to form a layer of the coating on the inner surface of the tubing string.
1. A method of conducting a coiled tubing operation, comprising:
forming a tubing string, the tubing string having a central annulus, an inner surface, and an outer surface, and the tubing string being formed from a metallic material;
coiling the tubing string onto a spool;
moving a friction-reducing coating into the central annulus through use of a carrier fluid of at least one of toluene, glycol, butyl acetate, t-butyl acetate and ethylene glycol pumped into the tubing string in a liquid phase, wherein a carrier fluid to coating ratio is within a ratio of X:Y by weight wherein the value X is within a range of 5 to 8 and the value Y is within a second range of 2 to 5; and
curing the friction-reducing coating onto the inner surface of the tubing string to form a layer of the friction-reducing coating on the inner surface of the tubing string, the friction-reducing coating being composed of a single layer of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, and titanium dioxide wherein a surface energy of the layer of the friction-reducing coating is lesser than a surface energy of the inner surface of the tubing string.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising preparing the inner surface of the tubing string prior to moving the friction-reducing coating into the central annulus.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the preparing the inner surface of the tubing string comprises launching one or more of a pig or a wire brush.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the preparing the inner surface of the tubing string comprises applying an acid to the inner surface of the tubing string.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the moving the friction-reducing coating into the central annulus comprises moving the carrier fluid into the central annulus that carries the friction-reducing coating.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising moving the friction-reducing coating through the tubing string prior to the curing of the friction-reducing coating, and the moving the friction-reducing coating through the tubing string comprises:
pumping a purge fluid into the central annulus to move the friction-reducing coating; and
exhausting part of the friction-reducing coating from the central annulus using the purge fluid.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the pumping the purge fluid into the central annulus to move the friction-reducing coating comprises forming one or more slugs of water in the central annulus.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising moving the friction-reducing coating through the tubing string prior to the curing of the friction-reducing coating, and the moving the friction-reducing coating through the tubing string comprises:
pumping a pressurized fluid to move a pig through the tubing string; and
exhausting part of the friction-reducing coating from the central annulus of the tubing string using the pig.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising heating the pressurized fluid.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the moving the friction-reducing coating into the central annulus comprises moving the carrier fluid that carries the friction-reducing coating.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the curing of the friction-reducing coating onto the inner surface of the tubing string occurs at a temperature above an ambient temperature.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the curing of the friction-reducing coating onto the inner surface of the tubing string occurs as a result of heating the tubing string to a temperature above an ambient temperature.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the friction-reducing coating comprises one or more of a silicon-containing material or a ceramic material.
14. A method of conducting a coiled tubing operation, comprising:
applying a friction-reducing coating onto a surface of a metal substrate through use of a carrier fluid pumped onto the metal substrate in a liquid phase, wherein a carrier fluid to coating ratio is within a ratio of X:Y by weight wherein the value X is within a range of 5 to 8 and the value Y is within a second range of 2 to 5 and wherein the carrier fluid is of at least one of toluene, glycol, butyl acetate, t-butyl acetate and ethylene glycol;
curing the friction-reducing coating onto the surface of the metal substrate to form a layer of the friction-reducing coating in contact with the surface of the metal substrate, wherein a surface energy of the layer of the friction-reducing coating is lesser than a surface energy of the surface of the metal substrate wherein the friction-reducing coating is composed of a single layer of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, and titanium dioxide;
forming a tubing string from the metal substrate such that the surface of the metal substrate forms an inner surface of the tubing string, the tubing string having a central annulus, the inner surface, and an outer surface; and
coiling the tubing string onto a spool.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising preparing the surface of the metal substrate by applying an acid to the surface prior to applying the friction-reducing coating onto the surface.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the layer of the friction-reducing coating formed on the surface of the metal substrate has a thickness of less than 250 micrometers.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein after the tubing string is coiled onto the spool, the method further comprises deploying the tubing string into an oil and gas wellbore or during a riserless subsea operation, and flowing an operations fluid through the tubing string.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the friction-reducing coating comprises one or more of a silicon-containing material or a ceramic material.
19. A method of conducting a coiled tubing operation, comprising:
forming a tubing string, the tubing string having a central annulus, an inner surface, and an outer surface;
applying a friction-reducing coating onto the inner surface of the tubing string the friction-reducing coating being composed of a single layer of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, and titanium dioxide through use of a carrier fluid pumped into the tubing string in a liquid phase, wherein a carrier fluid to coating ratio is within a ratio of X:Y by weight wherein the value X is within a range of 5 to 8 and the value Y is within a second range of 2 to 5 and wherein the carrier fluid is of at least one of toluene, glycol, butyl acetate, t-butyl acetate and ethylene glycol;
curing the friction-reducing coating onto the inner surface of the tubing string to form a layer of the friction-reducing coating in contact with the inner surface of the tubing string, wherein a surface energy of the layer of the friction-reducing coating is lesser than a surface energy of the inner surface of the tubing string; and
coiling the tubing string onto a spool.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising preparing the inner surface of the tubing string by applying an acid to the inner surface prior to applying the friction-reducing coating onto the inner surface.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the layer of the friction-reducing coating formed on the inner surface of the tubing string has a thickness of less than 250 micrometers.
22. The method of claim 19 , wherein after the tubing string is coiled onto the spool, the method further comprises deploying the tubing string into an oil and gas wellbore or during a riserless subsea operation, and flowing an operations fluid through the tubing string.
23. The method of claim 19 , wherein the friction-reducing coating comprises one or more of a silicon-containing material or a ceramic material.