Multi-stream data collection system for noninvasive measurement of blood constituents
The present disclosure relates to noninvasive methods, devices, and systems for measuring various blood constituents or analytes, such as glucose. In an embodiment, a light source comprises LEDs and super-luminescent LEDs. The light source emits light at at least wavelengths of about 1610 nm, about 1640 nm, and about 1665 nm. In an embodiment, the detector comprises a plurality of photodetectors arranged in a special geometry comprising one of a substantially linear substantially equal spaced geometry, a substantially linear substantially non-equal spaced geometry, and a substantially grid geometry.
1. A user-worn physiological measurement device comprising:
one or more emitters configured to emit light into tissue of a user;
at least four detectors arranged on a substrate;
a cover comprising a protruding convex surface, wherein the protruding convex surface extends over all of the at least four detectors arranged on the substrate, wherein at least a portion of the protruding convex surface is rigid;
one or more processors configured to:
receive one or more signals from at least one of the at least four detectors, the one or more signals responsive to at least a physiological parameter of the user; and
process the one or more signals to determine measurements of the physiological parameter;
a network interface configured to communicate with a mobile phone;
a touch-screen display configured to provide a user interface, wherein:
the user interface is configured to display indicia responsive to the measurements of the physiological parameter, and
an orientation of the user interface is configurable responsive to a user input;
a wall that surrounds at least the at least four detectors, wherein the wall operably connects to the substrate and the cover;
a storage device configured to at least temporarily store at least the measurements of the physiological parameter; and
a strap configured to position the physiological measurement device on the user.
2. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 1 , wherein the protruding convex surface is configured to be located between tissue of the user and the at least four detectors when the physiological measurement device is worn by the user.
3. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 2 , wherein at least part of the protruding convex surface is light permeable to allow light to reach at least one of the at least four detectors.
4. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 2 , wherein the at least four detectors are arranged on a first surface of the substrate.
5. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 4 , wherein:
the wall operably connects to the substrate on one side of the wall,
the wall operably connects to the cover on an opposing side of the wall, and
the wall surrounds at least the at least four detectors on the first surface.
6. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 5 , further comprising a single unit wearable by the user, the single unit encompassing the one or more emitters, the at least four detectors, the wall, the cover, the one or more processors, the network interface, and the storage device.
7. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 6 , wherein a surface of the single unit positions the touch-screen display, and wherein the strap is attached to the single unit.
8. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 7 , wherein the network interface is configured to communicate at least the measurements of the physiological parameter to the mobile phone.
9. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 7 , wherein the network interface is further configured to wirelessly communicate with the mobile phone or with a computer network.
10. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 7 , wherein the physiological parameter comprises at least one of: pulse rate, glucose, oxygen, oxygen saturation, methemoglobin, total hemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, or carbon monoxide.
11. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 10 further comprising:
a magnet configured to be used as a connecting mechanism.
12. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 10 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to modulate a duty cycle of one or more of the one or more emitters, and wherein the modulation includes pulse width time slots and off time slots.
13. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 10 , wherein the displayed indicia are further responsive to temperature.
14. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 10 , wherein the physiological parameter comprises a state or trend of wellness of the user.
15. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 10 , wherein a portion of the physiological measurement device comprises one of at least two sizes, the two sizes intended to be appropriate for larger users and smaller users.
16. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 10 , wherein the protruding convex surface protrudes a height between 1 millimeter and 3 millimeters.
17. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 16 , wherein the protruding convex surface protrudes a height greater than 2 millimeters and less than 3 millimeters.
18. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 10 , wherein each of the at least four detectors has a corresponding window that allows light to pass through to the detector.
19. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 18 further comprising:
an at least partially opaque layer blocking one or more optical paths to at least one of the at least four detectors, wherein the at least partially opaque layer comprises the windows that allow light to pass through to the corresponding detectors.
20. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 10 , wherein the at least four detectors are arranged such that a first detector and a second detector of the at least four detectors are arranged across from each other on opposite sides of a central point along a first axis, and a third detector and a fourth detector of the at least four detectors are arranged across from each other on opposite sides of the central point along a second axis which is different from the first axis.
21. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 20 , wherein the first axis is perpendicular to the second axis.
22. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 20 , wherein the first, second, third and fourth detectors form a cross pattern about the central point.
23. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 10 , wherein the wall creates one or more gaps between the first surface of the substrate and a surface of the cover that is interior to the physiological measurement device, and wherein the at least four detectors are positioned on the first surface of the substrate within the one or more gaps.
24. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 10 , wherein the at least four detectors comprise at least eight detectors.
25. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the detectors is configured to detect light that has been attenuated by tissue of the user.
26. The user-worn physiological measurement device of claim 25 , wherein the attenuated light is reflected by the tissue.
27. A physiological measurement system comprising:
the user-worn physiological measurement device according to claim 1 ; and
the mobile phone in communication with the physiological measurement device.
28. The physiological measurement system of claim 27 , wherein the network interface of the physiological measurement device is configured to wirelessly communicate, and wherein the mobile phone wirelessly communicates with the network interface.
29. A physiological measurement system comprising:
the user-worn physiological measurement device according to claim 24 ; and
the mobile phone in communication with the physiological measurement device.
30. The physiological measurement system of claim 29 , wherein the network interface of the physiological measurement device is configured to wirelessly communicate, and wherein the mobile phone wirelessly communicates with the network interface.