Method of preparing a hydrogel product
A method of preparing a hydrogel product comprising crosslinked glycosaminoglycan molecules, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a mixed solution of glycosaminoglycan molecules, a di- or multinucleophilic functional crosslinker, and a mononucleophilic functional graft chain; (b) activating carboxyl groups on the glycosaminoglycan molecules with a coupling agent to form activated glycosaminoglycan molecules; and (c) simultaneously crosslinking the activated glycosaminoglycan molecules and grafting the graft chain to the activated glycosaminoglycan molecules by reacting the nucleophiles with the activated carboxyl groups.
1. A method of preparing a hydrogel product comprising crosslinked glycosaminoglycan molecules, the method comprising:
(a) providing a mixed solution comprising glycosaminoglycan molecules, a di- or multinucleophilic functional crosslinker, and a mononucleophilic functional graft chain;
(b) activating carboxyl groups on the glycosaminoglycan molecules with a coupling agent to form activated glycosaminoglycan molecules; and
(c) simultaneously crosslinking the activated glycosaminoglycan molecules with the crosslinker and grafting the graft chain to the activated glycosaminoglycan molecules by reacting nucleophilic groups of the crosslinker and the graft chain with the activated carboxyl groups, wherein the coupling agent and free crosslinker are simultaneously present at a concentration ratio of about 125/0.6 to about 125/0.9.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the glycosaminoglycan molecules are selected from the group consisting of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin, and chondroitin sulfate, and mixtures thereof.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the crosslinker comprises a spacer group selected from the group consisting of di-, tri-, tetra-, and oligosaccharides.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the nucleophilic groups of the crosslinker are selected from the group consisting of primary amine, hydrazine, hydrazide, carbazate, semi-carbazide, thiosemicarbazide, thiocarbazate, and aminoxy.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the nucleophilic groups of the crosslinker are primary amine.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the crosslinker is a dinucleophilic functional crosslinker.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the crosslinker is selected from the group consisting of diamino hyaluronic acid tetrasaccharide, diamino hyaluronic acid hexasaccharide, diamino trehalose, diamino lactose, diamino maltose, diamino sucrose, chitobiose, and diamino raffinose.
8. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the crosslinker is an at least partially deacetylated hyaluronic acid.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the crosslinking and grafting of step (c) provides amide bonds between glycosaminoglycan molecules and crosslinkers and between glycosaminoglycan molecules and graft chains.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mononucleophilic functional graft chain is a mononucleophilic functional carbohydrate.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mononucleophilic functional graft chain is an aminodextran and/or an aminocyclodextrin.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the molar ratio of the aminodextran and/or aminocyclodextrin to disaccharide repeating units of the glycosaminoglycan is 0.1-50%.
13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the aminodextran and/or aminocyclodextrin contain a linking group having an amino group, and wherein the linking group of the aminodextran and/or aminocyclodextrin forms an amide bond with an activated carboxyl group of the glycosaminoglycan.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the linking group comprises a C1-6 alkyl.
15. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the aminodextran and/or aminocyclodextrin is an aminodextran.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the aminodextran has an average molecular weight of less than 10 kDa.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the aminodextran is covalently grafted to the activated glycosaminoglycan by single end-point attachment.
18. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the aminodextran is functionalized at the reducing end with a diamine.
19. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the aminodextran and/or aminocyclodextrin is an aminocyclodextrin.
20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the aminocyclodextrin is constituted by 5-32 glucopyranoside units.
21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the aminocyclodextrin is constituted by 6 glucopyranoside units (α-cyclodextrin).
22. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the aminocyclodextrin is constituted by 7 glucopyranoside units (β-cyclodextrin).
23. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the aminocyclodextrin is constituted by 8 glucopyranoside units (γ-cyclodextrin).
24. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the aminocyclodextrin is 6-aminocyclodextrin.
25. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 90% of the bonds between glycosaminoglycan molecules and crosslinkers and between glycosaminoglycan molecules and graft chains are amide bonds.
26. The method according to claim 1 , wherein less than 5% of the bonds between glycosaminoglycan molecules and crosslinkers and between glycosaminoglycan molecules and graft chains are ester bonds.
27. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the coupling agent is DMTMM.
28. The method according to claim 27 , wherein a ratio of the DMTMM to disaccharide repeating units of the glycosaminoglycan is in the range of 1-3.
29. The method according to claim 27 , wherein a ratio of the DMTMM to disaccharide repeating units of the glycosaminoglycan is in the range of 3-8.