Method and apparatus for transdermal stimulation over the palmar and plantar surfaces
The disclosure describes devices and methods for providing transdermal electrical stimulation therapy to a subject including positioning a stimulator electrode over a glabrous skin surface overlying a palm of the subject and delivering electrical stimulation via a pulse generator transdermally through the glabrous skin surface and to a target nerve or tissue within the hand to stimulate the target nerve or tissue within the hand so that pain felt by the subject is mitigated. The pulses generated during the electrical stimulation therapy may include pulses of two different magnitudes.
1. A method for treating migraines in a subject by providing transdermal electrical stimulation therapy, comprising:
positioning a stimulator electrode over a skin surface overlying a target nerve or tissue which extends through a hand of the subject; and
delivering electrical stimulation transdermally via a pulse generator through the skin surface and to the target nerve or tissue to stimulate the target nerve or tissue so that pain felt by the subject is mitigated;
providing feedback signals based on nerve conduction velocity detection of the electrical stimulation via a sensor; and
adjusting or optimizing the electrical stimulation delivered through the skin surface and to the target nerve or tissue based on the nerve conduction velocity detection.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising detecting tetany in the subject as an indication that a threshold frequency of the delivered electrical stimulation has been reached.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising automatically or manually decreasing a strength of the electrical stimulation once tetany has been detected.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising coating the stimulator electrode with a pain relief drug prior to positioning the stimulator electrode over the skin surface.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising implanting or injecting a conductive substance near the target nerve or tissue to improve electrical conductivity to the target nerve prior to delivering electrical stimulation.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising positioning a ground electrode upon the subject prior to delivering electrical stimulation.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein positioning the stimulator electrode comprises positioning a surface electrode or microneedle electrode upon the skin surface.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein positioning the stimulator electrode comprises positioning the stimulator electrode over the skin surface with an ergonomic applicator.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the ergonomic applicator comprises a glove or brace.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein delivering electrical stimulation comprises delivering one or more cycles of pulses at 5 Hz to 20 Hz.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein delivering electrical stimulation comprises delivering a cycle having a first preset number of pulses followed by a pause in electrical stimulation, followed by a second preset number of pulses.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein delivering electrical stimulation comprises periodically pausing the electrical stimulation for a preset amount of time to overcome habituation.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein delivering electrical stimulation comprises delivering the electrical stimulation on an intermittent or chronic basis.