Systems and methods for power transfer in cryogenic fuel applications
A fuel power transfer system for an engine may include a cryogenic fuel supply, a fuel pump in fluid communication with the cryogenic fuel supply, a multi-position valve in fluid communication with the fuel pump and a combustion chamber of the engine, a fuel turbine operatively coupled to the fuel pump and having a primary discharge port in fluid communication with the combustion chamber, a primary heat exchanger in fluid communication between the multi-position valve and the fuel turbine, and a gearbox operatively coupled to the fuel turbine and the fuel pump and configured to transfer power from the fuel turbine to the engine.
1. A fuel power transfer system for an engine, comprising:
a cryogenic fuel supply;
a fuel pump in fluid communication with the cryogenic fuel supply;
a multi-position valve in fluid communication with the fuel pump and a combustion chamber of the engine;
a fuel turbine operatively coupled to the fuel pump and having a first discharge port in fluid communication with the combustion chamber;
a primary heat exchanger in fluid communication between the multi-position valve and the fuel turbine;
a gearbox operatively coupled to the fuel turbine and the fuel pump and configured to transfer power from the fuel turbine to the engine; and
a motor-generator operatively coupled to the gearbox and selectively configurable to operate as a motor or a generator, wherein the motor-generator is coupled to the gearbox via a first clutch, and the gearbox is configured to transfer power from the fuel turbine to the engine via a second clutch.
2. The fuel power transfer system of claim 1 , further comprising an auxiliary heat exchanger in fluid communication between the multi-position valve and the combustion chamber.
3. The fuel power transfer system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel pump and the fuel turbine are operatively coupled via a common shaft.
4. The fuel power transfer system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a controller;
a sensor in communication with the controller and configured to provide sensor feedback; and
a tangible, non-transitory memory configured to communicate with the controller, the tangible, non-transitory memory having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by the controller, cause the controller to perform operations comprising:
determining, by the controller, a startup condition;
controlling, by the controller, the motor-generator in response to the startup condition;
controlling, by the controller, the multi-position valve in response to the startup condition; and
controlling, by the controller, the first clutch in response to the startup condition.
5. The fuel power transfer system of claim 4 , wherein the operations further comprise:
determining, by the controller, an auxiliary heat condition; and
controlling, by the controller, the multi-position valve to direct a portion of the cryogenic fuel supply to an auxiliary heat exchanger in fluid communication with the combustion chamber in response to the auxiliary heat condition.
6. The fuel power transfer system of claim 4 , wherein the operations further comprise:
determining, by the controller, an operating power condition;
controlling, by the controller, the multi-position valve in response to the operating power condition; and
controlling, by the controller, at least one of the first clutch or the second clutch in response to the operating power condition.
7. The fuel power transfer system of claim 4 , further comprising:
a first turbine discharge valve configured to be controlled by the controller and in fluid communication between the combustion chamber and the first discharge port; and
a second turbine discharge valve configured to be controlled by the controller and in fluid communication between the combustion chamber and a second discharge port of the fuel turbine,
wherein each of the first turbine discharge valve and the second turbine discharge valve are configured to interrupt fluid communication with the combustion chamber.
8. The fuel power transfer system of claim 7 , wherein the operations further comprise:
determining, by the controller, an intermediate operating power condition;
controlling, by the controller, at least one of the first clutch or the second clutch in response to the intermediate operating power condition; and
controlling, by the controller, at least one of the first turbine discharge valve or the second turbine discharge valve in response to the intermediate operating power condition.
9. The fuel power transfer system of claim 6 , wherein the operations further comprise:
selecting, by the controller, a motor mode of the motor-generator in response to the startup condition;
selecting, by the controller, a generator mode of the motor-generator in response to the operating power condition; and
controlling, by the controller, an electrical load disconnect relay in response to the operating power condition.
10. The fuel power transfer system of claim 8 , wherein the sensor includes a first fuel pressure sensor in fluid communication with the first discharge port and a second fuel pressure sensor in fluid communication with the second discharge port, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, by the controller, a primary discharge port pressure and a secondary discharge port pressure; and
determining, by the controller, the operating power condition or the intermediate operating power condition based on the primary discharge port pressure and the secondary discharge port pressure.