Transition metal cyanide coordination compounds having enhanced reaction potential
A system, method, and articles of manufacture for a surface-modified transition metal cyanide coordination compound (TMCCC) composition, an improved electrode including the composition, and a manufacturing method for the composition represented by A x Mn y M k j [Mn m (CN) (6) ] z .(Vac) (1−Z) .n(CH 3 OH) wherein A includes one or more alkali metals; and each dopant M may include at least one independently selected alkaline earth metal, a post-transition metal, or a transition metal having an average valence j; including one or more Mn(CN) 6 complexes each including an Mn atom; wherein (Vac) identifies a Mn(CN) 6 vacancy; wherein each particular Mn(CN) 6 complex includes the Mn atom bonded to a plurality of cyanide groups; and wherein CH 3 OH identifies methyl alcohol; and further including one or more crystal structures of the TMCCC composition.
1. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
an electrolyte;
wherein said anode includes a current collector having a surface; and
a composite coupled to said surface, said composite including an electrochemically active material having a composition, a binder, and an electrically conductive material, wherein said composition comprises at least one composition represented by Formula I:
A x Mn y M k j [Mn m (CN) (6) ] z .(Vac) (1−Z) .n(CH 3 OH) (Formula I)
wherein, in Formula I, A includes one or more alkali metals Li, Na, or K; and each dopant M may include at least one independently selected alkaline earth metal Mg or Ca, a post-transition metal Al, Ga, In, Sn, or Pb, or a transition metal Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, or Cd having an average valence j; and
wherein 0<j≤4, 0≤k≤0.1, 0<x≤4, 0<y≤1, 0<z≤1, and 0<n≤4;
wherein x+2(y−k)+jk+(m−6)z=0;
wherein Formula I includes one or more Mn(CN) 6 complexes each including an Mn atom;
wherein m is an average valence of said Mn atoms found in said one or more Mn(CN)6 complexes;
wherein (Vac) identifies a Mn(CN) 6 vacancy;
wherein each particular Mn(CN) 6 complex includes said Mn atom bonded to a plurality of cyanide groups; and
wherein CH 3 OH identifies methyl alcohol; and
further comprising one or more crystal structures of Formula I.
2. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein said one or more crystal structures include a monoclinic phase having a lattice angle of greater than 95°.
3. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein said one or more crystal structures include a plurality of grains each having a grain size greater than 200 nm.
4. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein said grain size is greater than 1 micron.
5. The electrochemical cell of claim 4 further comprising one or more agglomerations of said plurality of grains into one or more particles and wherein each said particle includes a particle size greater than 5 microns.
6. The electrochemical cell in claim 1 wherein n is greater than x.
7. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
an anode including a current collector having a surface; and
a composite coupled to said surface, said composite including an electrochemically active material having a composition, a binder, and an electrically conductive material, wherein said composition comprises at least one composition represented by Formula I:
A x Mn y M k j [Mn m (CN) (6) ] z .(Vac) (1−Z) .n(CH 3 OH) (Formula I)
wherein, in Formula I, A includes one or more alkali metals Li, Na, or K; and each dopant M may include at least one independently selected alkaline earth metal Mg or Ca, a post-transition metal Al, Ga, In, Sn, or Pb, or a transition metal Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, or Cd having an average valence j; and
wherein 0<j≤4, 0≤k≤0.1, 0<x≤4, 0<y≤1, 0<z≤1, and 0<n≤4;
wherein x+2(y−k)+jk+(m−6)z=0;
wherein Formula I includes one or more Mn(CN) 6 complexes each including an Mn atom;
wherein m is an average valence of said Mn atoms found in said one or more Mn(CN)6 complexes;
wherein (Vac) identifies a Mn(CN) 6 vacancy;
wherein each particular Mn(CN) 6 complex includes said Mn atom bonded to a plurality of cyanide groups; and
wherein CH 3 OH identifies methyl alcohol; and
further comprising one or more crystal structures of Formula I.
8. The electrochemical cell of claim 7 wherein said composite further includes an additive.
9. The electrochemical cell of claim 7 wherein said binder includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of vinylfluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene butadiene rubber-based polymer, mixtures thereof, and combinations thereof.
10. The electrochemical cell of claim 7 wherein said electrically conductive material includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of a graphitic carbon, an amorphous carbon, or a mixture thereof.