Methods of modulation of branched chain acids and uses thereof
A method of modulating plasma levels of branched chain amino acids and branched chain alpha-keto acids is disclosed, wherein an ammonia scavenger compound or a salt thereof, for example phenylbutyrate or an even numbered congener thereof or a salt thereof, is administered to an individual in need thereof. In various methods, a decrease in plasma levels of branched chain amino acids and branched chain alpha-keto acids is effected to treat individuals suffering from an inborn error in metabolism of amino acids, such as Maple Syrup Urine Disease, for example.
1. A method of treating an individual having a metabolic disorder from an inborn error in metabolism of one or more branched chain amino acids, comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising phenylbutyrate, butyroyloxymethyl-4-phenylbutyrate, glyceryl tri-[4-phenylbutyrate] (HPN-100), esters thereof, ethers thereof, salts thereof, or a combination thereof, wherein the metabolic disorder is selected from the group consisting of hypervalinemia, isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, beta-ketothiolase deficiency, 2-Methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, hypermethioninemia, homocystinuria, cystathioninuria, isovaleric acidemia, 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency, or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, and a combination thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metabolic disorder comprises an increase in blood plasma levels of branched chain amino acids and/or branched chain alpha-keto acids.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the branched chain amino acid is at least one of leucine, isoleucine, and valine.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the branched chain alpha-keto acid is at least one of keto-isocaproic acid, keto-methylvaleric acid, and ketoisovaleric acid.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the salt of phenylbutyrate is sodium phenylbutyrate.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the salt is the sodium salt, calcium salt, lithium salt, potassium salt, or a mixture thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administration of the composition results in a decrease in blood plasma levels of branched chain amino acids and/or branched chain alpha-keto acids.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein administration of the composition stimulates the baseline enzymatic activity of the branched chain dehydrogenase enzyme complex protein to levels effective in achieving decreased branched chain amino acid and/or branched chain alpha-keto acid levels.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising assaying for a decrease in plasma levels of at least one of said branched chain amino acids and/or assaying for a decrease in plasma levels of branched chain alpha-keto acids.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metabolic disorder is isovaleric academia.