Methods and apparatus to detect user attentiveness to handheld computing devices

1. A system comprising:

a data collection facility to distribute an exposure measurement application to a plurality of handheld computing devices via a network; and

a first handheld computing device of the plurality of the handheld computing devices, the first handheld computing device to execute the exposure measurement application to:

detect at least one of a first orientation change of the first handheld computing device or a first position change between the first handheld computing device and a user; and

compare the at least one of the first orientation change or the first position change to a plurality of spatial condition change combinations associated with respective likelihoods indicative of user attentiveness related to the first handheld computing device to determine user attentiveness data associated with a presentation on the first handheld computing device, the plurality of spatial condition change combinations including a plurality of orientation changes from respective starting orientations to respective ending orientations and a plurality of position changes from respective starting positions to respective ending positions; and

transmit the user attentiveness data to the data collection facility via the network.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first orientation change is at least one of a horizontal orientation change or a vertical orientation change relative to a reference orientation.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the user attentiveness data represents how likely at least one of the first orientation change, the first position change, or a combination of the first orientation change and the first position change corresponds to the user paying attention to the presentation on the first handheld computing device.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the user attentiveness data represents how likely at least one of the first orientation change, the first position change, or a combination of the first orientation change and the first position change corresponds to the user beginning to pay attention to the presentation on the first handheld computing device.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the user attentiveness data represents how likely at least one of the first orientation change, the first position change, or a combination of the first orientation change and the first position change corresponds to the user not paying attention to the presentation on the first handheld computing device.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the user attentiveness data represents how likely at least one of the first orientation change, the first position change, or a combination of the first orientation change and the first position change corresponds to the user beginning to not pay attention to the presentation on the first handheld computing device.

7. A system comprising:

a data collection facility to distribute an exposure measurement application to a plurality of handheld computing devices via a network; and

a first handheld computing device of the plurality of the handheld computing devices, the first handheld computing device to execute the exposure measurement application to:

identify a change of the first handheld computing device from a first starting spatial condition to a first ending spatial condition based on a signal generated by a sensor of the first handheld computing device;

store a plurality of spatial condition changes associated with likelihoods indicative of user attentiveness, a first subset of the spatial condition changes being associated with corresponding engagement likelihoods representing how likely respective ones of the first subset of the spatial condition changes correspond to a user beginning to pay attention to a presentation on the first handheld computing device;

generate user attentiveness data based on whether the plurality of spatial condition changes includes a first spatial condition change having the first starting spatial condition and the first ending spatial condition of the identified change; and

transmit the user attentiveness data to the data collection facility via the network.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the first handheld computing device is to calculate an angular position of the first handheld computing device.

9. The system of claim 7 , wherein a second subset of the spatial condition changes is associated with corresponding disengagement likelihoods representing how likely respective ones of the second subset of the spatial condition changes correspond to the user beginning to disengage from the presentation on the first handheld computing device.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein a third subset of the spatial condition changes is associated with corresponding engagement likelihoods representing how likely respective ones of the first subset of the spatial condition changes coinciding with respective ones of the second subset of the spatial condition changes correspond to the user beginning to engage with the presentation on the first handheld computing device.

11. The system of claim 9 , wherein a third subset of the spatial condition changes is associated with corresponding disengagement likelihoods representing how likely respective ones of the first subset of the spatial condition changes coinciding with respective ones of the second subset of the spatial condition changes correspond to the user beginning to disengage from the presentation on the first handheld computing device.

12. The system of claim 7 , wherein the first handheld computing device is to, when the plurality of spatial condition changes includes the first spatial condition change having the first starting spatial condition and the first ending spatial condition of the identified change, select a likelihood associated with the first spatial condition change as a measure of user attentiveness to the first handheld computing device.

13. The system of claim 7 , wherein the first handheld computing device is to, when the plurality of spatial condition changes includes (i) the first spatial condition change having the first starting spatial condition and the first ending spatial condition of the detected change, and (ii) a second spatial condition change having a second detected starting spatial condition and a second detected ending spatial condition of a second identified change, combine a first likelihood associated with the first spatial condition change with a second likelihood associated with the second spatial condition change to form a measure of user attentiveness to the first handheld computing device.

14. A system comprising:

a data collection facility to distribute an exposure measurement application to a plurality of handheld computing devices via a network; and

a first handheld computing device of the plurality of the handheld computing devices, the first handheld computing device to execute the exposure measurement application to:

identify a change of the first handheld computing device from a first starting spatial condition to a first ending spatial condition, the first starting spatial condition and the first ending spatial condition being angular orientations of the first handheld computing device relative to a reference;

store a plurality of spatial condition changes associated with likelihoods indicative of user attentiveness to a presentation on the first handheld computing device;

generate user attentiveness data based on whether the plurality of spatial condition changes includes a first spatial condition change having the first starting spatial condition and the first ending spatial condition of the identified change, a first subset of the spatial condition changes being associated with respective disengagement likelihoods representing how likely respective ones of the first subset of the spatial condition changes correspond to a user beginning to disengage from the presentation on the first handheld computing device; and

transmit the user attentiveness data to the data collection facility via the network.

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the first handheld computing device is to communicate with a sensor to determine the angular orientations of the first handheld computing device.

16. The system of claim 14 , wherein a second subset of the spatial condition changes is associated with corresponding engagement likelihoods representing how likely respective ones of the plurality of the spatial condition changes correspond to the user beginning to pay attention to the presentation on the first handheld computing device.

17. The system of claim 14 , wherein:

a second subset of the spatial condition changes is associated with respective engagement likelihoods representing how likely respective ones of a third subset of spatial condition changes coinciding with respective ones of a fourth subset of spatial condition changes correspond to a user beginning to engage with a presentation on the first handheld computing device,

the third subset of the spatial condition changes is associated with corresponding engagement likelihoods representing how likely respective ones of the third subset of spatial condition changes correspond to the user beginning to pay attention to the presentation on the first handheld computing device, and

the fourth subset of the spatial condition changes is associated with respective disengagement likelihoods representing how likely respective ones of the fourth subset of spatial condition changes correspond to the user beginning to disengage from the presentation on the first handheld computing device.

18. The system of claim 14 , wherein:

a second subset of the spatial condition changes is associated with respective disengagement likelihoods representing how likely respective ones of a third subset of spatial condition changes coinciding with respective ones of a fourth subset of spatial condition changes correspond to the user beginning to disengage from the presentation on the first handheld computing device,

the third subset of the spatial condition changes is associated with corresponding engagement likelihoods representing how likely respective ones of the third subset of spatial condition changes correspond to the user beginning to pay attention to the presentation on the first handheld computing device,

the fourth subset of the spatial condition changes is associated with respective disengagement likelihoods representing how likely respective ones of the fourth subset of spatial condition changes correspond to the user beginning to disengage from the presentation on the first handheld computing device.

19. The system of claim 14 , wherein the first handheld computing device is to, when the plurality of spatial condition changes includes the first spatial condition change having the first starting spatial condition and the first ending spatial condition of the change, select a likelihood associated with the first spatial condition change as a measure of user attentiveness to the first handheld computing device.

20. The system of claim 14 , wherein the first handheld computing device is to, when the plurality of spatial condition changes includes (i) the first spatial condition change having the first starting spatial condition and the first ending spatial condition of the change, and (ii) a second spatial condition change having a second detected starting spatial condition and a second detected ending spatial condition of a second identified change, combine a first likelihood associated with the first spatial condition change with a second likelihood associated with the second spatial condition change to form a measure of user attentiveness to the first handheld computing device.