Media identification using watermarks and signatures
Apparatus, systems, articles of manufacture, and methods to identify media using watermarks and signatures are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a watermark evaluator to determine a category indicated by a watermark detected in the media. The example apparatus also includes a signature comparator to compare a query signature with a subset of reference signatures associated with the category to identify the media, the query signature generated from the media, the reference signatures generated from reference media associated with the category.
1. An apparatus to identify media using watermarks and signatures, the apparatus comprising:
at least one memory;
instructions in the apparatus; and
processor circuitry to execute the instructions to:
determine a category indicated by a watermark detected in the media;
determine a first time indicated by the watermark;
determine a search window based on the first time; and
compare (i) a query signature associated with a second time in the search window with (ii) a subset of reference signatures associated with the category to identify the media, the query signature generated from the media, the reference signatures generated from reference media associated with the category.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the category is a first category, and the subset of reference signatures is associated with the first category and with a second category different from the first category.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor circuitry is to determine that the query signature matches a reference signature of the subset of reference signatures when the query signature and the reference signature match within a threshold.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the processor circuitry is to, in response to the query signature matching with the reference signature, identify the media as the reference media corresponding to the reference signature and to credit presentation of the media.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the search window extends a first duration of time before the first time indicated by the watermark and extends a second duration of time after the first time indicated by the watermark.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the second duration of time is different than the first duration of time.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein at least one of the first duration of time or the second duration of time is based on a detection of adjacent watermarks.
8. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein at least one of the first duration of time or the second duration of time is based on an expected duration of a commercial in a commercial break.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the category is a commercial and the subset of reference signatures is associated with the commercial.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the category is a commercial and the subset of reference signatures is associated with a media genre of commercials.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the category is a broadcast network, and the subset of reference signatures is associated with a subset of the reference media presented by the broadcast network.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the category is a geographic region of broadcast, and the subset of reference signatures is associated with a subset of the reference media presented in the geographic region.
13. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising computer readable instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to at least:
determine a category indicated by a watermark detected in media;
identify a first time indicated by the watermark;
determine a search window based on the first time; and
compare (i) a query signature associated with a second time in the search window with (ii) a subset of reference signatures associated with the category to identify the media, the query signature generated from the media, the reference signatures generated from reference media associated with the category.
14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13 , wherein the category is a first category and the subset of reference signatures is associated with the first category and with a second category different from the first category.
15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13 , wherein the instructions cause the machine to determine that the query signature matches a reference signature of the subset of reference signatures when the query signature and the reference signature match within a threshold.
16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the instructions cause the machine to, in response to the query signature matching with the reference signature, identify the media as the reference media corresponding to the reference signature and to credit presentation of the media.
17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13 , wherein the window extends a first duration of time before the first time indicated by the watermark and extends a second duration of time after the first time indicated by the watermark.
18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17 , wherein the second duration of time is different than the first duration of time.
19. A method to identify media using watermarks and signatures, the method comprising:
determining, by executing instructions with a processor, a category indicated by a watermark detected in the media;
identifying, by executing instructions with a processor, a first time indicated by the watermark;
determining, by executing instructions with a processor, a search window based on the time; and
comparing, by executing instructions with (i) a processor, a query signature associated with a second time in the search window with (ii) a subset of reference signatures associated with the category to identify the media, the query signature generated from the media, the reference signatures generated from reference media associated with the category.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the category is a first category of media, the subset of reference signatures is associated with the first category and with a second category different from the first category, and further including:
determining, by executing instructions with a processor, that the query signature matches a reference signature of the subset of reference signatures when the query signature and the reference signature match within a threshold; and
in response to the query signature matching with the reference signature, identifying, by executing instructions with a processor, the media as the reference media corresponding to the reference signature and to credit presentation of the media.