Delivery of halogens to a subterranean formation
Compositions and methods for treating kerogen in a subterranean formation by generating bromine and other halogens in situ in a subterranean formation. In some implementations, the generation of the bromine or halogen is delayed. This can occur, for example, by the decomposition of precursors, a chemical reaction, the encapsulation of precursors or reactants, or a combination of these approaches.
1. A composition for treating kerogen in a subterranean formation that comprises a polyhalogen salt encapsulated in a polymer, wherein the polyhalogen salt comprises an anion selected from a group consisting of Br 3 − , Br 2 Cl − , BrCl 2 − , BrI 2 − , Br 2 I − , I 3 − , ClI 4 − , BrI 6 − , ICl 2 , ICl 4 − and I 3 Br 4 .
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyhalogen salt further comprises an alkali metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyhalogen salt further comprises a quaternary ammonium cation selected from a group consisting of tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium, and cetyltrimethylammonium.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyhalogen salt further comprises a cation selected from a group consisting of imidazolium, pyridinium, and pyrrolidinium.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyhalogen salt further comprises a cation with carbon-fluorine bonds.
6. The cation of claim 5 , wherein the cation is selected from a group consisting of [P(CF 3 ) 4 ] + , [N(CF 3 ) 4 ] + , or bis(tri(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine)iminium.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a polymer matrix selected from a group consisting of polyvinyl butyral polymer, vinyl acetal polymers, butyral polymers, sytrene/-maleic anyhydride copolymers, and alkylated vinylpyrrolidone copolymers.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is an enteric coating, wherein the enteric coating is selected from a group consisting of methylacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymers, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate succinate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, hypromellose acetate succinate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate, shellac, cellulose acetate trimellitate, sodium alginate, and zein.
9. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a carbon dioxide based fluid or foam.
10. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an aqueous fluid.
11. A method of treating kerogen in a subterranean formation, comprising:
selecting a polyhalogen salt;
encapsulating the polyhalogen salt in a polymer;
mixing the encapsulated polyhalogen salt in a fluid; and
flowing the mixture of encapsulated polyhalogen salt and fluid into a location within the subterranean formation at which kerogen is present; wherein selecting the polyhalogen salt includes selecting a salt comprising an anion from a group consisting of Br 3 − , Br 2 Cl − , BrCl 2 − , BrI 2 − , Br 2 I − , I 3 − , ClI 4 − , BrI 6 − , ICl 2 , ICl 4 − and I 3 Br 4 .
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein mixing the encapsulated polyhalogen salt in a fluid includes mixing the polyhalogen salt in a carbon dioxide-based fluid or foam.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein mixing the encapsulated polyhalogen salt in a fluid includes mixing the polyhalogen salt in an aqueous-based fluid.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein selecting the polyhalogen salt includes selecting a salt comprising a cation from a group consisting of alkali metal cations or alkaline earth metal cations.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein selecting the polyhalogen salt includes selecting a salt that comprises a quaternary ammonium cation selected from a group consisting of tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium, and cetyltrimethylammonium.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein selecting the polyhalogen salt includes selecting a salt that comprises a cation selected from a group consisting of imidazolium, pyridinium, and pyrrolidinium cations.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein selecting the polyhalogen salt includes selecting a salt that comprises a cation with carbon-fluorine bonds.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein selecting the polyhalogen salt includes selecting a salt that comprises a cation selected from a group consisting of [P(CF 3 ) 4 ] + , [N(CF 3 ) 4 ] + , and bis(tri(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine)iminium cations.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein encapsulating the salt in a polymer includes encapsulating the salt in a polymer matrix selected from a group consisting of polyvinyl butyral polymer, vinyl acetal polymers, butyral polymers, sytrene/-maleic anyhydride copolymers, and alkylated vinylpyrrolidone copolymers.
20. The method of claim 11 , wherein encapsulating the polyhalogen salt in a polymer includes encapsulating the salt in an enteric coating, wherein the enteric coating is selected from a group consisting of methylacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymers, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate succinate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, hypromellose acetate succinate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate, shellac, cellulose acetate trimellitate, sodium alginate, and zein.