Stimulated X-ray emission source with crystalline resonance cavity
An X-ray laser has a target anode of a crystalline material that emits X-ray radiation in response to excitation and that is located on a thermally conductive substrate. An X-ray source provides an input X-ray beam that illuminates a predetermined volume of the target anode at a predefined angle relative to a surface of the anode so as to induce a Borrmann mode standing wave in the predetermined volume. An electron source outputs an electron beam that is incident on the Borrmann mode region so as to cause electron impact ionization of the crystalline material and thereby induce stimulated emission of a coherent output X-ray beam.
1. An X-ray laser comprising:
a target anode of a crystalline material that emits X-ray radiation in response to excitation;
an X-ray source that provides an input X-ray beam having a wavelength A that is directed at a predetermined volume of the target anode at a predefined angle relative to a crystal lattice of the target anode so as to induce a Borrmann mode standing wave in the predetermined volume; and
an electron source that emits an electron beam that is incident on the predetermined volume so as to cause electron impact ionization of the crystalline material and thereby induce stimulated emission of a substantially coherent output X-ray beam.
2. The X-ray laser according to claim 1 further comprising a collimator that collimates the input X-ray beam.
3. The X-ray laser according to claim 2 wherein the collimator comprises an aperture.
4. The X-ray laser according to claim 1 wherein the incidence of the electron beam on the target anode is limited substantially to the predetermined volume.
5. The X-ray laser according to claim 1 wherein the X-ray source comprises a microfocus X-ray tube.
6. The X-ray laser according to claim 1 further comprising a thermally conductive substrate on which the target anode is located.
7. The X-ray laser according to claim 6 further comprising a liquid cooling system that cools the substrate.
8. The X-ray laser according to claim 1 wherein the predefined angle of the input X-ray beam relative to a surface of the target anode is the Bragg angle of the crystalline material for the wavelength A of the input X-ray beam.
9. The X-ray laser according to claim 1 wherein the input X-ray beam has an angular divergence of no more than an intrinsic rocking curve width of the crystalline material.
10. The X-ray laser according to claim 9 wherein said angular divergence is no more than 0.2 degrees.
11. The X-ray laser according to claim 1 wherein the input X-ray beam enters the target anode through a surface of the anode that is different than a surface illuminated by the electron beam.
12. The X-ray laser according to claim 1 wherein the input X-ray beam enters the target anode through a surface of the target anode that is the same as a surface illuminated by the electron beam.
13. A method of generating a coherent X-ray output beam, the method comprising:
providing a target anode of a crystalline material that emits X-ray radiation in response to excitation;
directing an input X-ray beam having a wavelength A at a predetermined volume of the target anode at a predefined angle relative to a crystal lattice of the target anode so as to induce a Borrmann mode standing wave in the predetermined volume; and
directing an electron beam from an electron source onto the predetermined volume so as to cause electron impact ionization of the crystalline material and thereby induce stimulated emission of said coherent X-ray output beam.
14. The method according to claim 13 further comprising collimating the input X-ray beam with an aperture.
15. The method according to claim 13 wherein the incidence of the electron beam on the target anode is limited substantially to the predetermined volume.
16. The method according to claim 13 wherein the input X-ray beam is generated with a microfocus X-ray tube.
17. The method according to claim 13 further comprising locating the target anode on a substrate having a high relative thermal conductivity.
18. The method according to claim 17 further comprising cooling the substrate with a liquid cooling system.
19. The method according to claim 13 wherein the predefined angle of the input X-ray beam relative to a surface of the target anode is the Bragg angle of the crystalline material for the wavelength A of the input X-ray beam.
20. The method according to claim 13 wherein directing an input X-ray beam at the target anode comprises directing the input X-ray beam at a surface of the target anode that is different than a surface at which the electron beam is directed.