Methods for use of sex sorted semen to improve genetic management in swine
The invention relates to methods of increasing genetic merit of swine by establishing a plurality of mating subtypes for a line of swine, and determining a percentage of progeny that are male for each of the mating subtypes, or a percentage of progeny that are female for each of the mating subtypes, that would result, relative to a control, in an increase in genetic merit in the line; the invention further relates to sorting a sperm cell sample from a male swine in one of the mating subtypes into one or more subpopulations of sperm cells, wherein a majority of sperm cells in a subpopulation of sperm cells bear X chromosomes or Y chromosomes, and inseminating one or more female swine in the one of the mating subtypes with the subpopulation of sperm cells to achieve the percentage of progeny that are male, or the percentage of progeny that are female, determined to increase genetic merit relative to the control.
1. A method of increasing genetic merit in a population of swine comprising:
identifying selection candidates comprising males and females in the population;
determining i) the optimum genetic contribution for each selection candidate for the production of male progeny and ii) the optimum genetic contribution for each selection candidate for the production of female progeny;
selecting male and female selection candidates for mating based on their determined optimum genetic contribution for the production of male progeny or their determined optimum genetic contribution for the production of female progeny;
establishing male subgroups among the selected selection candidates based on age or genetic merit, or establishing female subgroups among the selected selection candidates based on parity or genetic merit;
establishing a mating subtype, wherein the mating subtype comprises i) one of the female subgroups and one or more males from the selected selection candidates or ii) one of the male subgroups and one or more females from the selected selection candidates;
determining a percentage of male progeny for the mating subtype, or a percentage of female progeny for the mating subtype, that would result in an increase in genetic merit in the next generation relative to a control, wherein in the control, approximately 50% of progeny are male; and
inseminating one or more females in the mating subtype with a sex sorted sperm cell sample from a male in the mating subtype to achieve the percentage of progeny that are male, or the percentage of progeny that are female, determined to increase genetic merit relative to the control.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of determining i) the optimum genetic contribution for each selection candidate for the production of male progeny and ii) the optimum genetic contribution for each selection candidate for the production of female progeny comprises defining a maximum level of increase in inbreeding for the population.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of determining i) the optimum genetic contribution for each selection candidate for the production of male progeny and ii) the optimum genetic contribution for each selection candidate for the production of female progeny comprises establishing an acceptable range for an increase in inbreeding for the population and evaluating the relationship between the maximum level of genetic improvement for the population per year or generation and the level of increase in inbreeding for the population per year or generation.