NOVEL ARTIFICIAL NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES

1 . An artificial nucleic acid molecule comprising

a) at least one 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) element derived from a 5′ UTR of a gene selected from the group consisting of HSD17B4, ASAH1, ATP5A1, MP68, NDUFA4, NOSIP, RPL31, SLC7A3, TUBB4B and UBQLN2;

b) at least one 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) element derived from a 3′ UTR of a gene selected from the group consisting of PSMB3, CASP1, COX6B1, GNAS, NDUFA1 and RPS9; and optionally

c) at least one coding region operably linked to said 5′ UTR and said 3′ UTR.

2 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1 , wherein said 5′ UTR and/or said 3′ UTR is heterologous to said coding region.

3 . (canceled)

4 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1 , comprising

a-1) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a HSD17B4 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

a-2) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a NDUFA4 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

a-3) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a SLC7A3 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

a-4) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a NOSIP gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

a-5) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a MP68 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

b-1) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a UBQLN2 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

b-2) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a ASAH1 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

b-3) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a HSD17B4 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

b-4) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a HSD17B4 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

b-5) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a NOSIP gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

c-1) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a NDUFA4 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

c-2) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a NOSIP gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

c-3) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a NDUFA4 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

c-4) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a NDUFA4 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

c-5) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a ATP5A1 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

d-1) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a RPL31 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

d-2) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a ATP5A1 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

d-3) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a SLC7A3 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

d-4) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a HSD17B4 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

d-5) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a SLC7A3 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

e-1) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a TUBB4B gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

e-2) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a RPL31 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence, or

e-3) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a MP68 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

e-4) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a NOSIP gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

e-5) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a ATP5A1 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

e-6) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a ATP5A1 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

f-1) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a ATP5A1 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

f-2) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a ATP5A1 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

f.3) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a HSD17B4 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

f-4) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a HSD17B4 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

f-5) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a MP68 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

g-1) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a MP68 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

g-2) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a NDUFA4 gene or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

g-3) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a NDUFA4 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

g-4) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a NOSIP gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

g-5) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a RPL31 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

h-1) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a RPL31 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

h-2) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a RPL31 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

h-3) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a RPL31 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

h-4) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a SLC7A3 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

h-5) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a SLC7A3 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

i-1) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a SLC7A3 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence; or

i-2) at least one 5′ UTR element derived from a 5′UTR of a Ndufa4.1 gene, or from a corresponding RNA sequence.

5 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 4 , comprising UTR elements according to a-1, a-2, a-3, a-4 or a-5.

6 - 10 . (canceled)

11 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one coding region encodes at least one (poly-)peptide or protein of interest.

12 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 11 , wherein said at least one antigenic (poly-)peptide or protein is selected from a tumor antigen, a pathogenic antigen, an autoantigen, an alloantigen, or an allergenic antigen.

13 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 12 , wherein said at least one pathogenic antigen is selected from a bacterial, viral, fungal or protozoal antigen.

14 - 18 . (canceled)

19 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1 , wherein said artificial nucleic acid molecule is an RNA.

20 . (canceled)

21 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 19 , wherein the RNA is an mRNA, a viral RNA, self-replicating RNA or a replicon RNA.

22 . (canceled)

23 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1 , wherein

the G/C content of the at least one coding region of the artificial nucleic acid is increased compared to the G/C content of the corresponding coding sequence of the corresponding wild-type artificial nucleic acid, and/or wherein

the C content of the at least one coding region of the artificial nucleic acid is increased compared to the C content of the corresponding coding sequence of the corresponding wild-type artificial nucleic acid, and/or wherein

the codons in the at least one coding region of the artificial nucleic acid are adapted to human codon usage, wherein the codon adaptation index (CAI) is preferably increased or maximised in the at least one coding sequence of the artificial nucleic acid,

wherein the amino acid sequence encoded by the artificial nucleic acid is preferably not being modified compared to the amino acid sequence encoded by the corresponding wild-type artificial nucleic acid.

24 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1 , which comprises a 5′-CAP structure.

25 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 19 , which comprises at least one histone stem-loop.

26 - 27 . (canceled)

28 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 19 , comprising a poly(A) sequence of 10 to 200 adenosine nucleotides.

29 - 30 . (canceled)

31 . A composition comprising at least one or a plurality of artificial nucleic acid molecule(s) according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or excipient.

32 - 43 . (canceled)

44 . A kit comprising the artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1 , and optionally a liquid vehicle and/or optionally technical instructions with information on the administration and dosage of the artificial nucleic acid molecule.

45 - 51 . (canceled)

52 . A method of treating or preventing a disorder optionally selected from genetic diseases, cancer, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, (auto)immune diseases, allergies, and/or for use in gene therapy and/or immunomodulation, wherein said method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1 .

53 - 54 . (canceled)

55 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 4 , comprising UTR elements according to a-1.

56 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 55 , wherein said 5′UTR element derived from a HSD17B4 gene comprises a sequence at least 95% identical to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.

57 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1 , wherein said 3′UTR element derived from a PSMB3 gene comprises a sequence at least 95% identical to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23.

58 . The artificial nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1 , wherein the artificial nucleic acid sequence is a RNA and wherein the RNA comprises:

a 5′ UTR element derived from a HSD17B4 gene comprises a sequence at least 95% identical to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; and

3′ UTR element derived from a PSMB3 gene comprises a sequence at least 95% identical to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23.