IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,214,002
Granted Patent B2
US 12,214,002 · App. 16/760,757 · Granted Feb 4, 2025

Compositions and methods for treating antibiotic resistance

Inventors: Christopher Burton Ford (Swampscott, MA); Jessica Bryant (Cambridge, MA); Edward J. O'Brien (Arlington, MA)
Assignee: Seres Therapeutics, Inc.
A61K35/742A61P31/04
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,214,002
App. No.
16/760,757
Granted
Feb 4, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for reducing the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes.

Claims (36)

1. A method of reducing an abundance of at least one antibiotic-resistance gene in the microbiome of a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a combination of bacteria, the combination comprising Blautia wexlerae and Anaerotruncus colihominis , wherein after the administration of the composition, the abundance of the at least one antibiotic-resistance gene in the microbiome of the subject is reduced as compared to a corresponding subject who did not receive the administration of the composition, wherein the at least one antibiotic-resistance gene is capable of conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and at least one additional antibiotic drug class, and wherein:

(a) the Blautia wexlerae comprises a 16S rDNA sequence that is at least 97% identical to the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 104-110 and 255; and

(b) the Anaerotruncus colihominis comprises a 16S rDNA sequence that is at least 97% identical to the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 89-92.

2. A method of treating a mammalian subject at risk for or diagnosed with an undesirable level of bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotic drug classes, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a combination of bacteria, wherein the combination comprises Blautia wexlerae and Anaerotruncus colihominis , wherein the undesirable level is a level significantly greater than that in a healthy subject population and the multiple antibiotic drug classes comprise beta-lactam antibiotics and at least one additional antibiotic drug class, and wherein:

(a) the Blautia wexlerae comprises a 16S rDNA sequence that is at least 97% identical to the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 104-110 and 255; and

(b) the Anaerotruncus colihominis comprises a 16S rDNA sequence that is at least 97% identical to the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 89-92.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or more bacterial species.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacteria are in a spore form, a vegetative form, or a mixed vegetative form and spore form.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein, prior to the administration, the subject has been unresponsive to antibiotic treatment, has or is at risk of developing Clostridium difficile infection, or has or is at risk of developing colitis.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

(a) the Blautia wexlerae comprises a 16S rDNA sequence that is at least 98% identical to the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 104-110 and 255; and

(b) the Anaerotruncus colihominis comprises a 16S rDNA sequence that is at least 98% identical to the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 89-92.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

(a) the Blautia wexlerae comprises a 16S rDNA sequence that is at least 99% identical to the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 104-110 and 255; and

(b) the Anaerotruncus colihominis comprises a 16S rDNA sequence that is at least 99% identical to the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 89-92.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

(a) the Blautia wexlerae comprises the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 104-110 and 255; and

(b) the Anaerotruncus colihominis comprises the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 89-92.

9. The method of claim 2 , wherein:

(a) the Blautia wexlerae comprises a 16S rDNA sequence that is at least 98% identical to the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 104-110 and 255; and

(b) the Anaerotruncus colihominis comprises a 16S rDNA sequence that is at least 98% identical to the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 89-92.

10. The method of claim 2 , wherein:

(a) the Blautia wexlerae comprises a 16S rDNA sequence that is at least 99% identical to the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 104-110 and 255; and

(b) the Anaerotruncus colihominis comprises a 16S rDNA sequence that is at least 99% identical to the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 89-92.

11. The method of claim 2 , wherein:

(a) the Blautia wexlerae comprises the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 104-110 and 255; and

(b) the Anaerotruncus colihominis comprises the 16S rDNA sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 89-92.

12. The method of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or more bacterial species.

13. The method of claim 2 , wherein the bacteria are in a spore form, a vegetative form, or a mixed vegetative form and spore form.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacteria are cultured.

15. The method of claim 2 , wherein the bacteria are cultured.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is administered to the subject via oral delivery, colonoscopic delivery, or nasogastric delivery.

17. The method of claim 2 , wherein the composition is administered to the subject via oral delivery, colonoscopic delivery, or nasogastric delivery.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the abundance of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more antibiotic-resistance genes in the microbiome of the subject is reduced as compared to the corresponding subject who did not receive the administration of the composition.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one additional antibiotic drug class is selected from aminocoumarin antibiotic, aminoglycoside antibiotic, cephalosporin, cephamycin, fluoroquinolone antibiotic, glycylcycline, macrolide antibiotic, nitroimidazole antibiotic, nucleoside antibiotic, penam, peptide antibiotic, phenicol antibiotic, rifamycin antibiotic, benzalkonium chloride, monobactam, penem, streptogramin antibiotic, rhodamine, triclosan, lincosamide antibiotic, acridine dye, carbapenem, tetracycline antibiotic, and fosfomycin.

20. The method of claim 2 , wherein the at least one additional antibiotic drug class is selected from aminocoumarin antibiotic, aminoglycoside antibiotic, cephalosporin, cephamycin, fluoroquinolone antibiotic, glycylcycline, macrolide antibiotic, nitroimidazole antibiotic, nucleoside antibiotic, penam, peptide antibiotic, phenicol antibiotic, rifamycin antibiotic, benzalkonium chloride, monobactam, penem, streptogramin antibiotic, rhodamine, triclosan, lincosamide antibiotic, acridine dye, carbapenem, tetracycline antibiotic, and fosfomycin.

Assignments (4)
CROSS-LICENSE AGREEMENT Recorded Mar 30, 2026
From: SERES THERAPEUTICS, INC.
To: SOCIÉTÉ DES PRODUITS NESTLÉ S.A.
Reel/Frame 075314/0554 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Dec 19, 2024
From: FORD, CHRISTOPHER BURTON; BRYANT, JESSICA; O'BRIEN, EDWARD J.
To: SERES THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Reel/Frame 069642/0583 →
RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Sep 30, 2024
From: OAKTREE FUND ADMINISTRATION, LLC, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
To: SERES THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Reel/Frame 069082/0849 →
SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Apr 27, 2023
From: SERES THERAPEUTICS, INC.
To: OAKTREE FUND ADMINISTRATION, LLC
Reel/Frame 063485/0542 →
Continuity (3)
Provisional Application 62578698 · Oct 30, 2017
Provisional Application 62741346 · Oct 4, 2018
Related Publication 20200353018A1 · Nov 12, 2020
References Cited (400)
US 3009861A · Gordon et al. · 1961 [cited by applicant]
US 3009864A · Webb · 1961 [cited by applicant]
US 3228838A · Rinfret et al. · 1966 [cited by applicant]
US 3608030A · Tint · 1971 [cited by applicant]
US 4077227A · Larson · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4205132A · Sandine et al. · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 4655047A · Temple et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4689226A · Nurmi et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4780987A · Nelsen et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4839281A · Gorbach et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 5196205A · Borody · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5425951A · Goodrich, Jr. et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5436002A · Payne et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5443826A · Borody · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5599795A · McCann et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5648206A · Goodrich, Jr. et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5851545A · Fowler et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5951977A · Nisbet et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5965128A · Doyle et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6368586B1 · Jacob et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6589771B1 · Marshall · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6645530B1 · Borody · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6780317B1 · Uotila et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 7326551B2 · Maupin-Furlow et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7427398B2 · Baillon et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7628982B2 · Klaviniskis et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7632520B2 · Khandelwal · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7708988B2 · Farmer · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7731976B2 · Cobb et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7763420B2 · Stritzker et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7981411B2 · Nadeau et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7998473B2 · Boileau et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8021654B2 · Rehberger et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8034601B2 · Boileau et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8039006B2 · Prato · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8147482B2 · Shimizu et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8187590B2 · Farmer · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8236508B2 · Mutharasan et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8388996B2 · Gehling et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8460648B2 · Borody · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8906668B2 · Henn et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8968721B2 · Harel · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9011834B1 · McKenzie et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9028798B2 · Weiner et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9028841B2 · Henn et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9180147B2 · McKenzie et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9408872B2 · Borody · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9446080B2 · McKenzie et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9533014B2 · Henn et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9585921B2 · McKenzie et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9610307B2 · Berry et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9808519B2 · Honda et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9855303B2 · McKenzie et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9956282B2 · Cook et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9962415B2 · Darimont-Nicolau et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10064900B2 · Von et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10064901B2 · McKenzie et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10076546B2 · Henn et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10238694B2 · Honda et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10258655B2 · Henn et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10646520B2 · Pamer et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10864235B2 · Henn et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10881696B2 · Henn et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 10967011B2 · McKenzie et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 10973861B2 · Afeyan et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11185562B2 · Cook et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11197897B2 · Pamer et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11266699B2 · Henn et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11389490B2 · Henn et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11395838B2 · Wargo et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11458173B2 · Henn et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11458174B2 · Henn et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11464812B2 · Henn et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11471495B2 · Pamer et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11597979B2 · Van Den Brink et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11666612B2 · Henn et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11701394B2 · Nandakumar et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11730775B2 · McKenzie et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20010036453A1 · Reid et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20040028689A1 · Borody · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040170617A1 · Finegold · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040175372A1 · Park et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040241772A1 · Prato · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050048515A1 · Garner · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050180962A1 · Raz et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050271643A1 · Sorokulova et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060046246A1 · Zeng et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060067924A1 · Lee et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060172330A1 · Osborn et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060188523A1 · Pei et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060233830A1 · Wong et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070141139A1 · Vandenberg · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080213752A1 · Stave et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090197249A1 · Gillevet · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090324638A1 · Dattwyler et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100074872A1 · Blaser et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100215745A1 · Lazzari et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110081320A1 · Westall et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110113863A1 · Fuhrmann et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110189132A1 · Garner et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110280840A1 · Blaser et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110280847A1 · Sorg et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120020950A1 · Davis et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120021429A1 · Rublee et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120021921A1 · Scott et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120058094A1 · Blaser et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120064592A1 · O'Mullan et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120128633A1 · Veiga et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120128634A1 · Veiga et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120148629A1 · Holvoet et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120149584A1 · Olle et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120165215A1 · Andersen et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120177650A1 · Borody · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120207726A1 · Lipkin et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120238468A1 · Tuk et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120264637A1 · Wiener-Kronish et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120276149A1 · Littman et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120276201A1 · Trachtman · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120278201A1 · Milne · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120315249A1 · Olmstead · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130017999A1 · Fremont et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130022575A1 · Cassity · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130045274A1 · Hlavka · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130045874A1 · Ehrlich · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130065862A1 · Johnson · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130115232A1 · Ferrara et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130121968A1 · Quay · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130149339A1 · Honda et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130149375A1 · Geall · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130195820A1 · Wacklin et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130266539A1 · Borody · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140045744A1 · Gordon et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140135398A1 · Matar et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140147417A1 · Sadowsky et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140147425A1 · Henn et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140199281A1 · Henn et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140328803A1 · McKenzie et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140341921A1 · Honda et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140342438A1 · Allen-Vercoe et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140363397A1 · Allen-Vercoe et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150010960A1 · Tamaru et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150011415A1 · Levin et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150093360A1 · McKenzie et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150190435A1 · Henn et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160030494A1 · Henn et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160040215A1 · Henn et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160143962A1 · Berry et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160271188A1 · Berry et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160317653A1 · Cook et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170042860A1 · Kashyap et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170087196A1 · Pamer et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170165302A1 · Henn et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170258854A1 · Van Den Brink et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180200308A1 · Cook et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180369297A1 · Karlsson et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190070225A1 · Strandwitz et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190192581A1 · Von Maltzahn et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190247447A1 · Button et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190255124A1 · Ruvkun et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190381113A1 · Pamer et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200113989A1 · Gunn et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200206284A1 · Schneider · 2020 [cited by examiner]
US 20200276249A1 · O'Brien et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200353018A1 · Ford · 2020 [cited by examiner]
US 20210008128A1 · Nandakumar et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210121505A1 · Nandakumar et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210169946A1 · Henn et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210169947A1 · Henn et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210169948A1 · Henn et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210169949A1 · Henn et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210196766A1 · Martinez et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210244774A1 · McKenzie et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210252079A1 · Matthew et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210299191A1 · Afeyan et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210361721A1 · Wortman et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20220017853A1 · Evans et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220096567A1 · Pamer et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220249578A1 · Cook et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220257674A1 · Henn et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20230109343A1 · Wargo et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230125810A1 · Martinez et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230190825A1 · Pamer et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230226126A1 · Henn et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
CN 101264107A · 2008 [cited by applicant]
CN 102131928A · 2011 [cited by applicant]
CN 102940652A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
CN 102940652B · 2015 [cited by applicant]
DE 102006062250A1 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
EA 006847B1 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
EP 0033584A3 · 1982 [cited by applicant]
EP 0446069A1 · 1991 [cited by applicant]
EP 0456418A2 · 1991 [cited by applicant]
EP 0433299A4 · 1992 [cited by applicant]
EP 0479820B1 · 1994 [cited by applicant]
EP 1107772B1 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
EP 1631312B1 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
EP 2337569A2 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
EP 2338989A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
EP 2519108A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
EP 2626076A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
EP 2684469A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
EP 2750682B1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
JP H0656679A · 1994 [cited by applicant]
JP 2007332083A · 2007 [cited by applicant]
JP 2008532558A · 2008 [cited by applicant]
JP 2010280640A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
JP 2010539179A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
JP 5019563B2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
JP 2012523852A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
RU 2035186C1 · 1995 [cited by applicant]
RU 2272793C2 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
RU 2439145C2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
RU 2536939C2 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9001335A1 · 1990 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9408598A1 · 1994 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9709886A1 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9826787A1 · 1998 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9919459A1 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
WO WO0010582A2 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO0193904A1 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO WO0207741A1 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO WO0243649A2 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2004069156A2 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2005017095A2 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2005110445A2 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2006012586A2 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2006099699A1 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2007036230A1 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2007136553A2 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008076696A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008077614A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008083157A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010030997A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010062369A2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010081126A2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010123932A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010124387A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010151842A2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011005756A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011022542A2 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011022660A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011033310A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011043654A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011046616A2 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011060123A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011094027A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011103123A2 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011107481A2 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011107482A2 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011113801A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011152566A2 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012009712A2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012016287A2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012033814A2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012045150A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012064981A2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012108830A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012112478A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012116289A2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012122478A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012122522A2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012142605A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012148991A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012159023A2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013016636A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013019896A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013032328A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013037067A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013037068A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013050792A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013053836A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013080561A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013121573A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013166031A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013171515A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013176774A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013177596A2 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014082050A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014088982A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014121298A2 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014121301A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014121302A2 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014121304A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014145958A2 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014153194A2 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014177667A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015018307A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015077794A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015095241A2 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017008026A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017074257A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017091783A2 · 2017 [cited by examiner]
WO WO2017091753A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017102816A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017160711A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017160944A2 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017182796A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017218680A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019070913A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019089643A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019191694A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO W2019227085A1 · 2019 [cited by examiner]
Bathena, S. P. R., et al., “The profile of bile acids and their sulfate metabolites in human urine and serum,” J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 942-943:53-62, Elsevier, Netherlands (published online Oct. 20… [cited by applicant]
Chazouillères, O., “Primary sclerosing cholangitis and bile acids,” Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology 36(Suppl_1):S21-S25, Elsevier Masson, France (Sep. 2012). [cited by applicant]
Debruyne, P. R., et al., “The role of bile acids in carcinogenesis,” Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 480-481:359-369, Elsevier BV, Netherlands (Sep. 2001). [cited by applicant]
Deleuze, J. F., et al., “Defect of multidrug-resistance 3 gene expression in a subtype of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis,” Hepatology 23(4): 904-908, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., United States (Apr. 1996). [cited by applicant]
Duboc, H., et al. “Connecting dysbiosis, bile-acid dysmetabolism and gut inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases,” Gut 62(4): 531-539, BMJ Publishing Group, United Kingdom (published online Sep. 2012, published in p… [cited by applicant]
Faubion, W. A., et al. “Toxic bile salts induce rodent hepatocyte apoptosis via direct activation of Fas,” The Journal of Clinical Investigation 103(1): 137-145, The American Society for Clinical Investigation, United S… [cited by applicant]
Fickert, P., et al. “A new xenobiotic-induced mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis and biliary fibrosis,” The American Journal of Pathology 171(2): 525-536, Elsevier on behalf of the American Society for Investigative … [cited by applicant]
Hofmann, A. F., “The continuing importance of bile acids in liver and intestinal disease,” Archives of Internal Medicine 159(22): 2647-2658, American Medical Association, United States (Dec. 1999). [cited by applicant]
Hylemon, P. B., et al. “Bile acids as regulatory molecules,” Journal of Lipid Research 50(8): 1509-1520, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, United States (published online Apr. 2009, published in p… [cited by applicant]
Kim, I., et al. “Spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis in farnesoid X receptor-null mice,” Carcinogenesis 28(5): 940-946, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom (published online Dec. 2006, published in print May 2007). [cited by applicant]
Kohli, R, et al. “Bile Acid Signaling: Mechanism for Bariatric Surgery, Cure for NASH?” Digestive Diseases 33(3): 440-446, S. Karger AG, Switzerland (May 2015). [cited by applicant]
Parés, A., et al., “Excellent long-term survival in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid,” Gastroenterology 130(3): 715-720, W.B. Sasunders Ltd., United Kingdom (Mar. … [cited by applicant]
Paumgartner, G., and Beuers, U., “Ursodeoxycholic acid in cholestatic liver disease: mechanisms of action and therapeutic use revisited,” Hepatology 36(3): 525-531, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., United States (Sep. 2002). [cited by applicant]
Ridlon, J. M., et al., “Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria, ” Journal Of Lipid Research 47(2): 241-259, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, United States (published online Nov… [cited by applicant]
Sayin, S. I., et al. “Gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism by reducing the levels of tauro-beta-muricholic acid, a naturally occurring FXR antagonist,” Cell Metabolism 17(2): 225- 235, Cell Press, United States… [cited by applicant]
Setchell, K. D., et al. “Hepatic bile acid metabolism during early development revealed from the analysis of human fetal gallbladder bile,” Journal of Biological Chemistry 263(32): 16637- 16644, American Society for Bio… [cited by applicant]
Sokol, R. J., et al. “Evidence for involvement of oxygen free radicals in bile acid toxicity to isolated rat hepatocytes,” Hepatology 17(5): 869-881, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., United States (May 1993). [cited by applicant]
Tabibian, J. H., et al. “Absence of the intestinal microbiota exacerbates hepatobiliary disease in a murine model of primary sclerosing cholangitis,” Hepatology 63(1): 185-196, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., United States (J… [cited by applicant]
Trottier, J., et al. “Metabolomic profiling of 17 bile acids in serum from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a pilot study,” Digestive and Liver Disease 44(4): 303-310, Elsevier… [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2018/046769, European Patent Office, Netherlands, mailed on Nov. 22, 2018, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
Seki, Y., et al., “Two neonatal cholestasis patients with mutations in the SRD5B1 (AKRID1) gene: diagnosis and bile acid profiles during chenodeoxycholic acid treatment,” Journal Of Inherited Metabolic Disease 36(3):565… [cited by applicant]
Ziegler, P., “The Elucidation of the Structure of Hyocholic Acid,” Canadian Journal of Chemistry 34:523-529, retrieved from the Internet: URL:[http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/v56-073], National Research … [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US2018/058279, European Patent Office, Netherlands, mailed on Feb. 18, 2019, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
NCT03183128—U.S. National Library of Medicine, “ECOSPOR III—SER-109 Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Adults With Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection (ECOSPORIII),” accessed at URL:[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2… [cited by applicant]
Seres Therapeutics, “Leading the Microbiome Revolution—Key Findings from SER-109 Phase 2 Study Analyses,” accessed at URL:[https://ir.serestherapeutics.com/static-files/5caa8a9c-8428-4608-b57a-7699cea43b74] on Sep. 2, 2… [cited by applicant]
Lombardo, M-J., et al., “Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcal iters Diminish Among Patients With Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection After Administration of SER-109, A Novel Microbiome Agent,” Open Forum Infectious D… [cited by applicant]
Khanna, S., et al., “A Novel Microbiome Therapeutic Increases Gut Microbial Diversity and Prevents Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection,” Journal of Infectious Diseases 214(2); 173-181, Oxford University Press, Uni… [cited by applicant]
Baron, S, A, et al., “Human microbiomes and antibiotic resistance,” Human Microbiome Journal 10:43-52, Elsevier, Netherlands (Dec. 2018). [cited by applicant]
Casals-Pascual, C., et al., “Intestinal microbiota and antibiotic resistance: Perspectives and solutions,” Human Microbiome Journal 9:11-15, Elsevier, Netherlands (Aug. 2018). [cited by applicant]
14th International Congress of Immunology, Kobe, Japan, International Immunology, Aug. 2010, 3 pages, vol. 22, Issue Suppl 1 Pt 3. [cited by applicant]
Aas, J., et al., “Recurrent Clostridium difficile Colitis: Case Series Involving 18 Patients Treated with Donor Stool Administered via a Nasogastric Tube,” Clinical Infectious Diseases 36(5):580-585, Oxford University P… [cited by applicant]
Abrams, R.S., “Open-label, Uncontrolled Trial of Bowel Sterilization and Repopulation With Normal Bowel Flora for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease,” Current Therapeutic Research 58(12):1001-1012, (Dec. 1997). [cited by applicant]
Abt, M.C., et al., “Commensal Bacteria Calibrate the Activation Threshold of Innate Antiviral Immunity,” Immunity, 37(1):158-170, Cell Press, United States, ( Jul. 2012 ). [cited by applicant]
Abubucker, S., et al., “Metabolic Reconstruction for Metagenomic Data and Its Application to the Human Microbiome.,” Plos Computational Biology, 8(6):1002358, Public Library of Science, United States, (2012). [cited by applicant]
Accoceberry, I., et al., “One-step Purification of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi Spores From Human Stools by Immunoaffinity Expanded-bed Adsorption,” Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 39(5):1947-1951, American Society for Mic… [cited by applicant]
Achtman, M., and Wagner, M, “Microbial Diversity and the Genetic Nature of Microbial Species,” Nature Reviews. Microbiology, 6(6):431-440, Nature Publication Group, England (Jun. 2008). [cited by applicant]
Ahern et al., “The interleukin-23 axis m intestinal inflammation,” Immunological Reviews 226:147-159 (2008). [cited by applicant]
Ahmad, T., et al., “Biomarkers of Myocardial Stress and Fibrosis as Predictors of Mode of Death in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure.,” Jacc. Heart Failure, 2(3):260-268, Elsevier, United States, (Jun. 2014). [cited by applicant]
Allen-Vercoe, E., et al., “A Canadian Working Group Report on Fecal Microbial Therapy: Microbial Ecosystems Therapeutics,” Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, 26(7):457-462, Pulsus Group, Canada (Jul. 2012). [cited by applicant]
Allen-Vercoe, E., Strauss, J., and Chadee, K. (2011). Fusobacterium nucleatum: an emerging gut pathogen? Gut Microbes 2(5), 294-298. [cited by applicant]
Altschul, S.F., et al., “Basic Local Alignment Search Tool,” Journal of Molecular Biology 215(3):403-410, Elsevier, Netherlands (Oct. 1990). [cited by applicant]
Altschul, S.F., et al., “Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A New Generation of Protein Database Search Programs,” Nucleic Acids Research 25(17):3389-3402, Oxford University Press, England (Sep. 1997). [cited by applicant]
Anderson, K.F., et al., “Evaluation of Methods to Identify the Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase in Enterobacteriaceae,” Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 45(8):2723-2725, American Society for Microbiology, United Sta… [cited by applicant]
Andoh, A., et al., “Terminal Restriction Fragment Polymorphism Analyses of Fecal Microbiota in Five Siblings Including Two with Ulcerative Colitis,” Gastroenterology 2(5):343-345, Springer Japan (Oct. 2009). [cited by applicant]
Anonymous, “Ecobiotic Drugs,” Seres Therapeutics, Oct. 22, 2015,http://web.archive.org/web/20151 022091731 /http://web.archive.org/web/2015lecobiotic-drugs, retrieved Mar. 7, 2017 (3 pages). [cited by applicant]
Anonymous, “Microbiome Therapeutics Platform,” Seres Therapeutics, Retrieved on [Oct. 23, 2015], Retrieved from (http:/ /web. archive.org/web/20 151023063153/), Retrieved from (http://www.serestherapeutics.com/ou rscien… [cited by applicant]
Anonymous, “Product Pipeline,” Seres Therapeutics, Oct. 22, 2015], Retrieved from (<http:web.=“” arch=“” ive.org=“” web=“” 20=“” 151=“” 022091722=“” http:=“” <a=href=>www.serestherapeutics.com/pipeline/products)</http:>… [cited by applicant]
Application as Filed WO 2011/152566, Filed Jun. 3, 2011, 151 pages. [cited by applicant]
Arpaia, N., et al., “Metabolites Produced by Commensal Bacteria Promote Peripheral Regulatory T-cell Generation,” Nature 504(7480):451-455, Nature Publishing Group, England (Dec. 2013). [cited by applicant]
Arumugam, M., et al., “Enterotypes of the Human Gut Microbiome,” Nature, 473(7346):174-180, Macmillan Journals Limited, England (May 2011). [cited by applicant]
ASBMT RFI 2016—Disease Classifications Corresponding to CIBMTR Classifications. 2016. [cited by applicant]
Atarashi, K., et al., “Induction of Colonic Regulatory T Cells by Indigenous [cited by applicant]
Atarashi, K et al., Supporting Online Material for “Induction of Colonic Regulatory T Cells by Indigenous [cited by applicant]
Atarashi, K., et al., “Treg Induction by a Rationally Selected Mixture of Clostridia Strains From the Human Microbiota,” Nature 500(7461):232-236, Nature Publishing Group, England (Aug. 2013) including supplemental data. [cited by applicant]
Atta, H-M., “Gene therapy for liver regeneration: experimental studies and prospects for clinical trials,” World J Gastroenterol 16(32):4019-4030, Baishideng Publishing Group, United States (2010). [cited by applicant]
Australian First Examination Report, Australian Application No. 2013347805, Apr. 13, 2017, 3 pages. [cited by applicant]
Australian First Examination Report, Australian Application No. 2014212004, Sep. 21, 2017, 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
Australian First Examination Report, Australian Application No. 2014232370, Oct. 19, 2017,4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Autoimmune Disease List, There Are More Than 100 Autoimmune Diseases, American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association, AARDA, Inc., 2014, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Babel, N et al., “Analysis ofT Cell Receptor Repertoire by Newly Established CDR3 High-Throughput Sequencing Allows for Monitoring/Tracing of Antigen-Specific T Cells in Peripheral Blood and Tissue,” pp. 063-040, 141h I… [cited by applicant]
Bacigalupo, A., et al., “Defining the Intensity of Conditioning Regimens: Working Definitions.,” Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 15(12)… [cited by applicant]
Backhed, F., et al., “The Gut Microbiota as an Environmental Factor That Regulates Fat Storage,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(44):15718-15723, National Academy of … [cited by applicant]
Bader, J., Albin, A., and Stahl, U. (2012). Spore-forming bacteria and their utilisation as probiotics. Benef Microbes 3(1), 67-75. [cited by applicant]
Bajaj, J.S., et al., “Colonic Mucosal Microbiome Differs From Stool Microbiome in Cirrhosis and Hepatic Encephalopathy and is Linked to Cognition and Inflammation.,” American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and … [cited by applicant]
Bakken, J.S., et al., “Treating Clostridium Difficile Infection With Fecal Microbiota Transplantation,” Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 9(12):1044-1049, Saunders for the American Gastroenterological Association… [cited by applicant]
Bakken, J.S., “Fecal Bacteriotherapy for Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection,” Anaerobe 15(6):285-289, Academic Press, England (Dec. 2009). [cited by applicant]
Barrasa, J.I., et al., “Bile Acids in the Colon, From Healthy to Cytotoxic Molecules.,” Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association With Bibra, 27(2):964-977, Pergamon Press , England, (Mar. … [cited by applicant]
Barreau, M., et al., “Improving the Identification of Anaerobes in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Through MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry,” Anaerobe, 22:123-125, Academic Press, England (Aug. 2013). [cited by applicant]
Barrell, C., et al., “Reduced-intensity Conditioning Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients and Subsequent Supportive Care.,” Oncology Nursing Forum, 39(6):451-458, Oncology Nursing Society, United S… [cited by applicant]
Bartlett, J.G., et al., “Antibiotic-associated Pseudomembranous Colitis Due to Toxin-Producing Clostridia, ” The New England journal of medicine, 298(10):531-534, Massachusetts Medical Society, United States , (Mar. 197… [cited by applicant]
Basler, M., et al., “Tit-for-tat: Type Vi Secretion System Counterattack During Bacterial Cell-cell Interactions,” Cell, 152(4):884-894, Cell Press, United States, (Feb. 2013 ). [cited by applicant]
Basler, M., et al., “Type Vi Secretion Requires a Dynamic Contractile Phage Tail-like Structure,” Nature, 483(7388):182-186, Nature Publishing Group, England, (Feb. 2012 ). [cited by applicant]
Bauer, T.M., et al., “Derivation and Validation of Guidelines for Stool Cultures for Enteropathogenic Bacteria Other Than Clostridium Difficile in Hospitalized Adults,” JAMA, 285(3:313-319, American Medical Association,… [cited by applicant]
Beelen et al., “Influence of Intestinal Bacterial Decontamination Using Metronidazole and Ciprofloxacin or Ciprofloxacin Alone on the Development of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Marrow Transplantation in Patien… [cited by applicant]
Begley et al., “Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in Probiotics,” Appl. Environ Microbial. 72(3): I729-173 8 (2006). [cited by applicant]
Belkaid, Y, and Rouse, B,T., “Natural Regulatory T Cells in Infectious Disease,” Nature Immunology 6(4):353-360, Nature America Inc, United States (Apr. 2005). [cited by applicant]
Ben-Amor, K., et al., “Genetic Diversity of Viable, Injured, and Dead Fecal Bacteria Assessed by Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting and 16S rRNA Gene Analysis,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(8):4679-4689, … [cited by applicant]
Bernstein, H., et al., “Bile Acids as Carcinogens in Human Gastrointestinal Cancers.,” Mutation research, 589(1):47-65, Elsevier, Netherlands, (Jan. 2005). [cited by applicant]
Berst Ad, A., et al., “Fecal Fat Determination With a Modified Titration Method,” Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 45(5):603-607, Informa Healthcare, England (May 2010). [cited by applicant]
Bhatia, A et al., “Proionibacterium Acnes and Chronic Diseases,” The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects: Workshop Summary., Knobler, S.… [cited by applicant]
Bidawid, S., et al., “Heat Inactivation of Hepatitis a Virus in Dairy Foods,” Journal of Food Protection, 63(4):522-528, International Association for Food Protection, United States (Apr. 2000). [cited by applicant]
Bloedt, K., et al., “Evaluation of New Selective Culture Media and a Rapid Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Assay for Identification of Clostridium Difficile From Stool Samples,” Journal of Medical Microbiology, 58(7)… [cited by applicant]
Bokulich, N.A., et al., “Quality-filtering Vastly Improves Diversity Estimates From Illumina Amplicon Sequencing,” Nature Methods, 10(1):57-59, Nature Publications Group, United States (Jan. 2013). [cited by applicant]
Bolger, A.M.,et al., “Trimmomatic: a Flexible Trimmer for Illumina Sequence Data.,” Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 30(15):2114-2120, Oxford University Press,England, (Aug. 2014). [cited by applicant]
Bolivar, I., et al., “Bacterial Diversity in Oral Samples of Children in Niger With Acute Noma, Acute Necrotizing Gingivitis, and Healthy Controls,” Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases, 6(3):e1556, Public Library of Scienc… [cited by applicant]
Borody, T.J., and Khoruts, A, “Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Emerging Applications,” Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 9(2):88-96, Nature Publication Group, England (Feb. 2012). [cited by applicant]
Borody, T.J. et al. (2011). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in multiple sclerosis. Poster abstract at American College of Gastroenterology Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course Oct. 28, 2011. [cited by applicant]
Borody, T,J., et al., “Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis Using Fecal Bacteriotherapy,” Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 37(1):42-47, Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc, United States (Jul. 2003). [cited by applicant]
Borriello, S.P., and Barclay, F.E, “An In-Vitro Model of Colonisation Resistance to Clostridium Difficile Infection,” Journal of Medical Microbiology, 21(4):299-309, Microbiology Society, England (Jun. 1986). [cited by applicant]
Borriello, S.P., and Barclay, F.E, “Protection of Hamsters Against Clostridium Difficile Ileocaecitis by Prior Colonisation With Non-pathogenic Strains,” Journal of Medical Microbiology, 19(3):339-350, Microbiology Soci… [cited by applicant]
Borriello, S.P., and Honour, P, “Simplified Procedure for the Routine Isolation of Clostridium Difficile From Faeces,” Journal of Clinical Pathology, 34(10):1124-1127, BMJ Publication Group, England (Oct. 1981). [cited by applicant]
Borriello, S.P., “The Influence of the Normal Flora on Clostridium Difficile Colonisation of the Gut,” Annals of Medicine, , 22(1):61-67, Informa Healthcare, England (Feb. 1990). [cited by applicant]
Boyles, W.A., and Lincoln, R.E, “Separation and Concentration of Bacterial Spores and Vegetative Cells by Foam Flotation,” Applied Microbiology, 6(5):327-334, American Society for Microbiology, United States (Sep. 1958). [cited by applicant]
Brandl et al., “Vancomycin-resistant enterococci exploit anti biotic-induced innate immune deficit,”. Nature 455(7214):804-807 (2008). [cited by applicant]
Brandt, L.J., et al., “Long-term Follow-up of Colonoscopic Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection,” The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 107(7):1079-1087, Wolters Kluwer Health, U… [cited by applicant]
Brandt, L.J., “Fecal Transplantation for the Treatment of Clostridium Difficile Infection,” Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 8(3):191-194, Gastro-Hep Communications, United States (Mar. 2012). [cited by applicant]
Brauniger, S., et al., “Further Studies on Thermal Resistance of Bovine Parvovirus Against Moist and Dry Heat,” International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 203(1):71-75, Urban & Fischer, Germany (Mar. 200… [cited by applicant]
Britton, R.A., et al., “Role of the Intestinal Microbiota in Resistance to Colonization by Clostridium Difficile,” Gastroenterology 146(6):1547-1553, W.B. Saunders, United States (May 2014). [cited by applicant]