System for securing verification key from alteration and verifying validity of a proof of correctness
The invention relates to distributed ledger technologies such as consensus-based blockchains. A blockchain transaction may include digital resources that are encumbered by a locking script that encodes a set of conditions that must be fulfilled before the encumbered resources may be used (e.g., transferring ownership/control of encumbered resources). A worker (e.g., a computer system) performs one or more computations to generate a proof, which is encoded as part of an unlocking script. A verification algorithm may utilize the proof, a verification key, and additional data such as a cryptographic material associated with the worker (e.g., a digital signature) to verify that digital assets of the transaction should be transferred. As a result of the validation of this transaction, any third party is able to check the contract was executed corrected rather than re-executing the contract, thus saving computational power.
1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
generating a transaction output of a transaction comprising an indication of a digital asset and a locking script that encodes a set of conditions for transferring control of the digital asset, satisfaction of the set of conditions to be determined based at least in part on a verification key and a proof;
generating a transaction input of the transaction, the transaction input comprising:
an identifier associated with the transaction output; and
an unlocking script comprising the proof; and
verifying the set of conditions are satisfied based at least in part on the locking script and the unlocking script; and
transferring control of the digital asset in response to verifying satisfaction of the set of conditions,
wherein a client encodes the transaction input with the verification key and a first digital certificate associated with the client and a worker encodes the transaction input with the proof and a second digital certificate associated with the worker.
2. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , wherein the verification key comprises a first plurality of elements of a finite field and the proof comprises a second plurality of elements of the finite field.
3. A system, comprising:
a processor; and
memory including executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 2 .
4. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by a processor of a computer system, cause the computer system to at least perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 2 .
5. The computer-implemented method according to claim 2 , wherein elements of the finite field are points on an elliptic curve.
6. A system, comprising:
a processor; and
memory including executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 5 .
7. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by a processor of a computer system, cause the computer system to at least perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 5 .
8. The computer-implemented method according to claim 2 , wherein the elements of the finite field are encoded in a compressed format.
9. A system, comprising:
a processor; and
memory including executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 8 .
10. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , wherein the locking script comprises instructions that, contingent upon a condition of the set of conditions being unsatisfied by the unlocking script, reclaim the digital asset for a provider of the digital asset.
11. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the unlocking script further comprises a redeem script, wherein the verification key and the redeem script are to satisfy the set of conditions; and
the locking script encodes a condition of the set of conditions that a hash of the redeem script matches a predetermined value.
12. The computer-implemented method according to claim 11 , wherein the redeem script is less than or equal to 520 bytes in size.
13. The computer-implemented method according to claim 11 , wherein the unlocking script comprises one or more elements of the verification key.
14. The computer-implemented method according to claim 11 , wherein the transaction is a P2SH transaction in accordance with a Bitcoin-based protocol.
15. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , wherein the transaction is a standard transaction in accordance with a blockchain-based protocol.
16. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , wherein the locking script and unlocking script are encoded in a stack-based scripting language.
17. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , wherein the set of conditions comprise a bilinear constraint.
18. A system, comprising:
a processor; and
memory including executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by the processor, causes the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 1 .
19. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by a processor of a computer system, cause the computer system to at least perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 1 .