Cryopump with enhanced frontal array
A cryopump has a cryogenic refrigerator with cold and colder stages that cool a radiation shield, a primary cryopumping array and a frontal array. The frontal array is coupled to the cold stage and is spaced from and wrapped around the frontally facing envelope of the primary cryopumping array. The frontal array may be recessed from the frontal opening and closer to the primary cryopumping array than to the frontal opening.
1. A cryopump comprising:
a cryogenic refrigerator comprising a cold stage and a colder stage;
a radiation shield having sides, a closed end, and a frontal opening opposite to the closed end, the radiation shield being thermally coupled to and cooled by the cold stage;
a primary cryopumping array thermally coupled to and cooled by the colder stage, the primary cryopumping array supporting adsorbent material; and
a frontal array thermally coupled to the cold stage, wherein the frontal array is spaced from and wrapped around a frontally facing envelope of the primary cryopumping array to be in the path of radiation from the frontal opening to the primary cryopumping array for a radiation load on the primary cryopumping array of less than 4%, the frontal array being recessed from the frontal opening and closer to the primary cryopumping array than to the frontal opening.
2. The cryopump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the frontal array is positioned below the frontal opening area by at least 20% of full length of the radiation shield.
3. The cryopump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the frontal array is positioned with a top surface in the range of 50 mm to 100 mm below the frontal opening of the radiation shield.
4. The cryopump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the frontal array is spaced less than 25 mm from the primary cryopumping array.
5. The cryopump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cross-sectional area of the primary cryopumping array has a frontally projected cross-sectional area less than 50% of the area of the frontal opening.
6. The cryopump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the frontal array has a frontally projected cross-sectional area less than 60% of the area of the frontal opening and greater than the cross-sectional area of the primary cryopumping array.
7. The cryopump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the frontally facing envelope of the primary cryopumping array is domed and the frontally facing envelope of the frontal array is domed.
8. The cryopump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the frontal array comprises annular louvers.
9. The cryopump as claimed in claim 8 wherein the louvers toward the center of the frontal array are of greater width than those toward the perimeter.
10. The cryopump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the frontal array is coupled to the cold stage through a cylinder surrounding the colder stage.
11. The cryopump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the radiation shield is domed at its closed end and the primary cryopumping array has a distal envelope that is domed.
12. The cryopump as claimed in claim 1 having at least a 20% capture probability of hydrogen.
13. The cryopump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the radiation load to the primary cryopumping array is less than 3%.
14. The cryopump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the radiation load to the primary cryopumping array is less than 2%.
15. A cryopump comprising:
a cryogenic refrigerator comprising a cold stage and a colder stage;
a radiation shield having sides, a closed end, and a frontal opening opposite to the closed end, the radiation shield being thermally coupled to and cooled by the cold stage;
a primary cryopumping array thermally coupled to and cooled by the colder stage, the primary cryopumping array supporting adsorbent material and having a cross-sectional area less than that of the frontal opening, the primary cryopumping array having a frontally facing envelope that is closer to the radiation shield frontal opening toward its center than at its perimeter; and
a frontal array thermally coupled to the cold stage through a thermal path independent of the radiation shield, the frontal array having a frontally facing envelope that is closer to the radiation shield frontal opening at its center than at its perimeter and spaced from and wrapped around the frontally facing envelope of the primary cryopumping array to be in the path of radiation from the frontal opening to the primary cryopumping array for a radiation load on the primary pumping array of less than 4%.
16. The cryopump as claimed in claim 15 wherein the frontal array is recessed from the frontal opening and closer to the primary cryopumping array than to the frontal opening.
17. The cryopump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the radiation load to the primary cryopumping array is less than 1%.