Coating compositions for application utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator and methods and systems thereof

1. A coating composition having a solids content of from about 5 to about 70 weight % based on a total weight of the coating composition as measured in accordance with ASTM D2369 and comprising:

a carrier;

a binder comprising an elastomeric resin present in an amount of at least 50 weight %, wherein the elastomeric resin has an Elongation to Break of at least 500% according to DIN 53 504 and wherein the binder is present in an amount of from 5 to about 70 weight percent based on a total weight of the coating composition; and

a crosslinker present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 25 weight percent based on a total weight of the coating composition;

wherein the solids content is chosen, and each of at least the carrier, binder, and crosslinker is independently present in an amount, such that the coating composition has:

an Ohnesorge number (Oh) of from about 0.01 to about 12.6 and the Ohnesorge number (Oh) is determined in accordance with equation I, as follows:

Oh=(η/√{square root over (ρσ D )})  (I);

a Reynolds number (Re) of from about 0.02 to about 6,200 and the Reynolds number (Re) is determined in accordance with equation II, as follows:

Re=(ρ vD /η)  (II);

a Deborah number (De) of from greater than 0 to about 1730, and the Deborah number (De) is determined in accordance with equation III, as follows:

De=λ/√{square root over (ρ D 3 /σ)}  (III);

wherein η represents viscosity of the coating composition in pascal-seconds (Pa*s), ρ represents density of the coating composition in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m 3 ), σ represents surface tension of the coating composition in newtons per meter (N/m), v is from about 1 to about 20 m/sec, D is from about 0.00002 m to about 0.0004 m, and λ represents relaxation time of the coating composition in seconds (s);

wherein the coating composition has a viscosity of from about 0.002 Pa*s to about 0.2 Pa*s as measured according to ASTM 7867-13 with cone-and-plate or parallel plates at a shear rate of 1000 sec-1;

wherein the coating composition has a density of from about 838 kg/m 3 to about 1557 kg/m 3 ;

wherein the coating composition has a surface tension of from about 0.015 N/m to about 0.05 N/m; and

wherein the coating composition has a relaxation time of from about 0.00001 to about 1 s.

2. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition has an Ohnesorge number (Oh) of from about 0.05 to about 1.8, wherein the coating composition has a Reynolds number (Re) of from about 0.3 to about 660, and wherein the coating composition has a Deborah number (De) of from greater than 0 to about 46.

3. The coating composition of claim 2 , wherein the Ohnesorge number (Oh) is from 0.05 to 1.8 and wherein the Reynolds number (Re) is from 0.3 to 660.

4. The coating composition of claim 1 further comprising a primary pigment in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % based on a total weight of the coating composition.

5. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition is substantially free of a dye.

6. The coating composition of claim 1 wherein the carrier is selected from the group of water, a non-aqueous solvent, and a combination thereof.

7. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition has a viscosity of from about 0.005 Pa*s to about 0.05 Pa*s as measured according to ASTM 7867-13 with cone-and-plate or parallel plates at a shear rate of 1000 sec-1, wherein the coating composition has a density of from about 958 kg/m 3 to about 1319 kg/m 3 , and wherein the coating composition has a surface tension of from about 0.02 N/m to about 0.032 N/m.