Powder metal alloy composition for sintered powder metal insert for aluminum casting
A powder metal alloy composition is used in the production of a sintered powder metal insert for casting into an aluminum casting. The powder metal alloy composition includes an iron powder metal base, copper such that the copper is 3.5 weight percent or more of the powder metal alloy composition, and carbon in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of the powder metal alloy composition. Upon compacting and sintering the powder metal alloy composition to form the sintered powder metal insert, the sintered powder metal insert has a copper gradient that provides a higher concentration of copper on the surface of the sintered powder metal insert than in a center of the grains of the sintered powder metal insert. The higher concentration of copper at the surface of the insert enables a strong metallurgical bond to be formed with the aluminum casting during casting.
1. A sintered powder metal insert for casting into an aluminum casting, the sintered powder metal insert comprising:
a sintered body comprising a powder metal alloy composition in which a plurality of particles of the powder metal alloy composition are sintered together to form the sintered body, wherein the powder metal alloy composition includes:
an iron powder metal base;
copper added to the iron powder metal base in the form of pre-alloyed copper in the iron powder metal base and an admixed copper-containing powder metal such that the copper is 3.5 weight percent or more of the powder metal alloy composition, wherein the copper present in the powder metal alloy composition is partially pre-alloyed in the iron powder metal base and is partially in the admixed copper-containing powder metal that is admixed with the iron powder metal base, and wherein the copper pre-alloyed in the iron powder metal base is in a range of 1 to 3 weight percent of the powder metal alloy composition; and
carbon in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of the powder metal alloy composition;
wherein, upon compacting and sintering the powder metal alloy composition to form the sintered powder metal insert, the sintered powder metal insert has a copper gradient that provides a higher concentration of copper on a surface of the sintered powder metal insert than in a center of the grains of the sintered powder metal insert to facilitate formation of a metallurgical bond with an aluminum casting material of the aluminum casting upon casting of the sintered powder metal insert into the aluminum casting material.
2. The sintered powder metal insert of claim 1 , wherein the sintered body includes:
a pair of opposing ends on lateral sides thereof;
a bearing-receiving surface positioned on a side of the sintered body between the pair of opposing ends, the bearing-receiving surface being adapted for reception of a bearing therein; and
a pair of bolt holes extending through the sintered body in an axial direction perpendicular to an axis of the bearing-receiving surface.
3. The sintered powder metal insert of claim 1 , wherein a microstructure of the sintered body includes grains of ferrite, pearlite, and discrete MnS.
4. The sintered powder metal insert of claim 1 , wherein a microstructure of the sintered body includes free copper.
5. The sintered powder metal insert of claim 4 , wherein at least some of the free copper in the microstructure results from adjacent iron grains reaching their solubility limit of copper.
6. The sintered powder metal insert of claim 1 , wherein the admixed copper-containing powder metal is elemental copper powder metal.
7. The sintered powder metal insert of claim 1 , wherein the copper pre-alloyed in the iron powder metal base is in an amount of 3 weight percent of the powder metal alloy composition and the copper in the admixed copper-containing powder metal is in excess of 0.5 weight percent of the powder metal alloy composition.
8. The sintered powder metal insert of claim 1 , wherein the copper present in the powder metal alloy composition includes at least 3.5 weight percent copper that is provided in the form of the admixed copper-containing powder metal.
9. The sintered powder metal insert of claim 1 , wherein the iron powder metal base includes, at least in part, the carbon therein.
10. A component comprising the sintered powder metal insert of claim 1 in which the sintered powder metal insert has been cast into the aluminum casting material and a metallurgical bond is formed between the aluminum casting material and the copper in the sintered powder metal insert.
11. The component of claim 10 , wherein a microstructure of a region of the metallurgical bond between the copper at the surface of the sintered powder metal insert and the aluminum casting material includes α and θ phases of Al—Cu.
12. The component of claim 10 , wherein the metallurgical bond is an interfacial layer comprising both aluminum and copper atoms intermixed with one another.
13. The component of claim 10 , wherein the aluminum casting material is an aluminum alloy.
14. A method comprising:
forming the sintered powder metal insert of claim 1 by compacting and sintering the powder metal alloy composition.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising the step of casting the sintered powder metal insert into an aluminum casting material to form an aluminum casting with the sintered powder metal insert cast therein in which copper at the surface of the powder metal insert forms a metallurgical bond with the aluminum casting material.