Cable made from crosslinkable composition with antioxidant and beneficial methane formation
The invention relates to a cable comprising layer(s), which layer(s) is/are obtained from a polymer composition comprising a polyethylene, a crosslinking agent and antioxidant(s), characterized in that the polymer composition contains a total amount of vinyl groups which is B vinyl groups per 1000 carbon atoms, and B 1 ≤B, wherein B 1 is 0.12, when measured prior to crosslinking according to method ASTM D6248-98, the crosslinking agent is present in an amount which is Z wt %, prior to crosslinking, based on the total amount (100 wt %) of the polymer composition, and Z 1 ≤Z≤Z 2 , wherein Z 1 is 0.005 and Z 2 is 2.0, and that the antioxidant(s) is/are nitrogen containing antioxidant(s) being present in an amount which is W wt %, prior to crosslinking, based on the total amount (100 wt %) of the polymer composition, and W 1 ≤W≤W 2 , wherein W 1 is 0.005 and W 2 is 1.0, the cable, e.g. a power cable, and processes for producing the cable; the cable useful in different end applications, such as wire and cable (W&C) applications.
1. A cable comprising layer(s), wherein the layer(s) is/are obtained from a polymer composition comprising a polyethylene, a crosslinking agent, and antioxidant(s), wherein:
the polymer composition contains a total amount of vinyl groups, wherein the total amount of vinyl groups is B vinyl groups per 1000 carbon atoms, and B 1 ≤B, wherein B 1 is 0.65, when measured prior to crosslinking according to method ASTM D6248-98;
the crosslinking agent is present in an amount which is Z wt %, prior to crosslinking, wherein Z is based on the total amount (100 wt %) of the polymer composition, and Z 1 ≤Z≤Z 2 , wherein Z 1 is 0.005 and Z 2 is 2.0; and
the antioxidant(s) is/are nitrogen containing antioxidant(s) being present in an amount, wherein the amount is W wt %, prior to crosslinking, based on the total amount (100 wt %) of the polymer composition, and W 1 ≤W≤W 2 , wherein W 1 is 0.005 and W 2 is 1.0;
with the proviso that the antioxidants with CAS Number 152261-33-1 and with CAS Number 193098-40-7 are both excluded.
2. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein the antioxidant(s) is/are hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS).
3. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein the antioxidant(s) comprise(s) at least one residue in accordance with formula (I)
wherein
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 alkyl,
R 6 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, alkoxy, alkalkoxy, alkylalkanoate, dialkylalkanoate or dialkylalkandioate or, alternatively, R 6 is a group comprising C 1 -C 3 alkyl, alkoxy, alkalkoxy, alkylalkanoate, dialkylalkanoate or dialkylalkandioate, and
R 5 is the rest of the antioxidant, which optionally comprises further residues in accordance with formula (I).
4. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein the antioxidant(s) comprise(s) at least one residue in accordance with formula (Ia)
wherein
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen or methyl,
R 6 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, alkoxy, alkalkoxy, alkylalkanoate, dialkylalkanoate or dialkylalkandioate, and
R 5 is the rest of the antioxidant, which optionally comprises further residues in accordance with formula (Ia).
5. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein the antioxidant(s) comprise(s) at least one residue in accordance with formula (M)
wherein
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen or methyl,
R 6 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, alkoxy or —(CH 2 ) n3 —OCO—(CH 2 ) n3 —COOR 7 , —(CH 2 ) n3 —COO—(CH 2 ) n3 —COOR 7 , —(CH 2 ) n3 —OCO—(CH 2 ) n3 —OCOR 7 or —(CH 2 ) n3 —COO—(CH 2 ) n3 —OCOR 7 where R 7 is a C 1 -C 3 alkyl and each n3 is independently 2 to 5, and
R 5 is the rest of the antioxidant, which optionally comprises further residues in accordance with formula (Ib).
6. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein the antioxidant(s) comprise, one or more, residues selected from formulae (II), (III), (IV) and (V):
wherein n 1 is 3 or more;
preferably wherein n 2 is 6 or more; and
7. The cable according to claim 1 , said layer(s) is/are crosslinked, and decomposition of the crosslinking agent during the crosslinking results in 10% less content of methane, when compared to the corresponding content of methane from crosslinking other layer(s) which are obtained from another polymer composition(s) comprising at least a non-nitrogen containing antioxidant, and the contents of methane are measured according to the method for GC-Analysis; and wherein the crosslinked layer(s) has/have a hot set elongation, with a load of 20 N/cm 2 , wherein the hot set elongation is less than 175%, when measured according to the method for hot set determination.
8. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein the polyethylene is unsaturated.
9. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein the polyethylene is an unsaturated LDPE polymer.
10. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein B≤B 2 , wherein B 2 is 3.0 and/or Z 2 is 1.6.
11. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein W 1 is 0.1 and W 2 is 0.5.
12. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein W 1 is 0.2.
13. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein the polyethylene contains a total amount of vinyl groups, wherein the total amount of vinyl groups is P vinyl groups per 1000 carbon atoms, wherein P 1 ≤P≤P 2 , P 1 is 0.50 and P 2 is 3.0.
14. The cable according to claim 13 , wherein the polymer composition simultaneously satisfies the following:
P 1 ≤P≤P 2 wherein P 1 is 0.50 and P 2 is 3.0;
W 1 ≤W≤W 2 wherein W 1 is 0.005 and W 2 is 1.0; and
wherein the polymer composition has a melt flow rate, MFR 2 , which is A g/10 min and A1≤A≤A 2 wherein A 1 is 0.15 and A 2 is 3.0.
15. The cable according to claim 13 , wherein the polymer composition simultaneously satisfies the following:
P 1 ≤P≤P 2 wherein P 1 is 0.71 and P 2 is 2.0;
W 1 <W≤W 2 wherein W 1 is 0.05 and W 2 is 0.60; and
wherein the polymer composition has a melt flow rate, MFR 2 , which is A g/10 min and A 1 ≤A≤A 2 wherein A 1 is 0.30 and A 2 is 2.5.
16. The cable according to claim 13 , wherein the polymer composition simultaneously satisfies the following:
P 1 ≤P≤P 2 wherein P 1 is 0.89 and P 2 is 1.5;
W 1 ≤W≤W 2 wherein W 1 is 0.10 and W 2 is 0.50; and
wherein the polymer composition has a melt flow rate, MFR 2 , which is A g/10 min and A 1 ≤A≤A 2 wherein A 1 is 0.60 and A 2 is 2.3.
17. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein the polyethylene is a copolymer of:
a monomer;
at least one polyunsaturated comonomer; and
zero or one or more other comonomer(s); and
wherein said total amount of vinyl groups (B) present in the polyethylene include vinyl groups originating from said at least one polyunsaturated comonomer.
18. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein the polyethylene is a copolymer of:
a monomer; and
at least one polyunsaturated comonomer;
wherein the polyunsaturated comonomer is a straight carbon chain with at least 8 carbon atoms, at least two non-conjugated double bonds of which at least one is terminal, and at least 4 carbon atoms between the non-conjugated double bonds.
19. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein the polyethylene is a copolymer of ethylene and 1,7-octadiene.
20. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein B 1 is 0.70, 0.75 or 0.80.
21. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein the crosslinking agent comprises a peroxide.
22. The cable according to claim 1 , wherein the cable is a power cable.
23. A process for producing a cable according to claim 1 , comprising meltmixing the polymer composition, optionally together with further components.
24. The process according to claim 23 , wherein said cable is a power cable and wherein said process comprises the steps:
a 0 ) meltmixing the polymer composition, optionally together with further components; and
a) applying the meltmix obtained from step a 0 ) on a conductor to form at least one cable layer.
25. The process according to claim 24 , wherein said cable is a crosslinked power cable and wherein said process further comprises the step:
b) crosslinking the at least one cable layer obtained from step a).