PERFORMANCE ADHESIVE FOR SECURITY DOCUMENTS
An adhesive suitable for use in security documents (for example, currency, passports, tickets, etc.) includes a plurality of polymers, that collectively exhibit tackification, resistance to aqueous agents, and solvent resistance, and a cross-linker selected to be activated to chemically react with one or more polymers of the plurality of polymers, at a temperature in a predetermined range of temperatures.
1 . An adhesive, comprising:
a plurality of polymers, that collectively exhibit tackification, resistance to aqueous agents, and solvent resistance; and
a cross-linker selected to be activated to chemically react with one or more polymers of the plurality of polymers, at a temperature in a predetermined range of temperatures.
2 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein a first polymer of the plurality of polymers exhibits tackification and solvent resistance.
3 . The adhesive of claim 2 , wherein the first polymer does not exhibit resistance to aqueous agents.
4 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein a first polymer of the plurality of polymers exhibits resistance to aqueous agents and solvent resistance.
5 . The adhesive of claim 4 , wherein the first polymer does not exhibit tackification.
6 . The adhesive of claim 1 , further comprising a third polymer, wherein:
a first polymer of the plurality of polymers exhibits resistance to aqueous agents;
a second polymer of the plurality of polymers exhibits solvent resistance;
the third polymer of the plurality of polymers exhibits tackification; and
the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with one or more of the first polymer, the second polymer, and the third polymer, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
7 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive exhibits wet tack from contact with a substrate containing sufficient water to activate a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits tackification.
8 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits tackification comprises at least one of polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethyl cellulose, guar, styrene butadiene rubber, Arabic gum or polyacrylic acid.
9 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits resistance to aqueous agents is provided as a solution, emulsion or dispersion in a liquid matrix.
10 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits solvent resistance comprises at least one of polyethylene, an ethylene copolymer, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyetheretherketone.
11 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits resistance to aqueous agents comprises at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, ethylene copolymers, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, or a copolymer of poly(vinyl acetate).
12 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures is greater than 100 degrees Celsius.
13 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures is between 65 and 100 degrees Celsius.
14 . The adhesive of claim 1 , further comprising a blocking agent which deactivates at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
15 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linker comprises one or more of an aziridine, a carbodiimide, an isocyanate, a glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, glyoxylic acid or a salt thereof.
16 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits tackification, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
17 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits solvent resistance, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
18 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits resistance to aqueous agents, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
19 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with one or more polymers of the plurality of polymers that collectively exhibit tackification and resistance to aqueous agents, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
20 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to not chemically react with one or more polymers of the plurality of polymers that exhibit solvent resistance, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
21 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to chemically react with each polymer of the plurality of polymers that collectively exhibit tackification, resistance to aqueous agents and solvent resistance, at or above the temperature in a predetermined range of temperatures.
22 . The adhesive of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polymers does not include a single polymer which exhibits all three of tackification, solvent resistance and resistance to aqueous agents.
23 . A security document, comprising:
a paper substrate;
a security device; and
an adhesive layer comprising an adhesive, the adhesive layer providing a bond between the security device and the paper substrate,
wherein the adhesive comprises a plurality of polymers, that collectively exhibit tackification, resistance to aqueous agents, and solvent resistance, and a cross-linker selected to be activated to chemically react with one or more polymers of the plurality of polymers, at a temperature in a predetermined range of temperatures.
24 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein a first polymer of the plurality of polymers exhibits tackification and solvent resistance.
25 . The security document of claim 24 , wherein the first polymer does not exhibit resistance to aqueous agents.
26 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein a first polymer of the plurality of polymers exhibits resistance to aqueous agents and solvent resistance.
27 . The security document of claim 26 , wherein the first polymer does not exhibit tackification.
28 . The security document of claim 23 , further comprising a third polymer, and wherein a first polymer of the plurality of polymers exhibits resistance to aqueous agents, a second polymer of the plurality of polymers exhibits solvent resistance, the third polymer of the plurality of polymers exhibits tackification, and the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with one or more of the first polymer, the second polymer, and the third polymer, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
29 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of 10 microns or less.
30 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of 5 microns or less.
31 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein the adhesive exhibits wet tack from contact with a substrate containing sufficient water to activate a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits tackification.
32 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits tackification comprises at least one of polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethyl cellulose, guar, styrene butadiene rubber, Arabic gum or polyacrylic acid.
33 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits resistance to aqueous agents is provided as a solution, emulsion or dispersion in a liquid matrix.
34 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits solvent resistance comprises at least one of polyethylene, an ethylene copolymer, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyetheretherketone.
35 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits resistance to aqueous agents comprises at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, ethylene copolymers, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, or a copolymer of poly(vinyl acetate).
36 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures is greater than 100 degrees Celsius.
37 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures is between 65 and 100 degrees Celsius.
38 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein the adhesive further comprises a blocking agent which deactivates at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
39 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein the cross-linker comprises one or more of an aziridine, a carbodiimide, an isocyanate, a glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, glyoxylic acid or a salt thereof
40 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits tackification, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
41 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits solvent resistance, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
42 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits resistance to aqueous agents, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
43 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with one or more polymers of the plurality of polymers that collectively exhibit tackification, and resistance to aqueous agents, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
44 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to chemically react with each polymer of the plurality of polymers that collectively exhibit tackification, resistance to aqueous agents and solvent resistance, at or above the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
45 . The security document of claim 23 , wherein the plurality of polymers does not include a single polymer which exhibits all three of tackification, solvent resistance and resistance to aqueous agents.
46 . A method of making a security document, the method comprising:
at a paper machine configured to pass a substrate containing water through one or more processing sections, introducing an adhesive to create an adhesive layer, the adhesive comprising a plurality of polymers that collectively exhibit tackification, resistance to aqueous agents, and solvent resistance, and a cross-linker selected to be activated to chemically react with one or more polymers of the plurality of polymers, at a temperature in a predetermined range of temperatures;
positioning a security device on a first portion of the substrate to which the adhesive has been introduced; and
passing the first portion of the substrate to a processing section of the paper machine at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures to activate the cross-linker to chemically react with one or more polymers of the plurality of polymers,
wherein the adhesive is introduced to the substrate at a processing section of the paper machine where the substrate contains sufficient water to activate a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits tackification, to provide wet tack.
47 . The method of claim 46 , wherein a first polymer of the plurality of polymers exhibits tackification and solvent resistance.
48 . The method of claim 47 , wherein the first polymer does not exhibit resistance to aqueous agents.
49 . The method of claim 46 , wherein a first polymer of the plurality of polymers exhibits resistance to aqueous agents and solvent resistance.
50 . The method of claim 49 , wherein the first polymer does not exhibit tackification.
51 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the adhesive further comprises a third polymer, wherein a first polymer of the plurality of polymers exhibits resistance to aqueous agents, a second polymer of the plurality of polymers exhibits solvent resistance, the third polymer of the plurality of polymers exhibits tackification, and wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with one or more of the first polymer, the second polymer, and the third polymer, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
52 . The method of claim 46 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits tackification comprises at least one of polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethyl cellulose, guar, styrene butadiene rubber, Arabic gum or polyacrylic acid.
53 . The method of claim 46 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits resistance to aqueous agents is provided as a solution, emulsion or dispersion in a liquid matrix.
54 . The method of claim 46 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits solvent resistance comprises at least one of polyethylene, an ethylene copolymer, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyetheretherketone.
55 . The method of claim 46 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits resistance to aqueous agents comprises at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, ethylene copolymers, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, or a copolymer of poly(vinyl acetate).
56 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures is greater than 100 degrees Celsius.
57 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures is between 65 and 100 degrees Celsius.
58 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the adhesive is introduced to form a dried adhesive layer having a thickness of 10 microns or less.
59 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the adhesive is introduced to form a dried adhesive layer having a thickness of 5 microns or less.
60 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the adhesive further comprises a blocking agent which deactivates at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
61 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the cross-linker comprises one or more of an aziridine, a carbodiimide, an isocyanate, a glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, glyoxylic acid or a salt thereof.
62 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits tackification, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
63 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits solvent resistance, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
64 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with a polymer of the plurality of polymers that exhibits resistance to aqueous agents, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
65 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with one or more polymers of the plurality of polymers that collectively exhibit tackification and resistance to aqueous agents, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
66 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to chemically react with each polymer of the plurality of polymers that collectively exhibit tackification, resistance to aqueous agents and solvent resistance, at or above the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
67 . The method of claim 46 , wherein the plurality of polymers does not include a single polymer which exhibits all three of tackification, solvent resistance and resistance to aqueous agents.
68 . A security device, comprising:
an authentication structure; and
an adhesive layer comprising an adhesive, the adhesive layer providing a bond between the security device and a substrate,
wherein the adhesive comprises a plurality of polymers, that collectively exhibit tackification, resistance to aqueous agents, solvent resistance, and a cross-linker selected to be activated to chemically react with one or more polymers of the plurality of polymers, at a temperature in a predetermined range of temperatures.
69 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein a first polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive exhibits tackification and solvent resistance.
70 . The security device of claim 69 , wherein the first polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive does not exhibit resistance to aqueous agents.
71 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein a first polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive exhibits resistance to aqueous agents and solvent resistance.
72 . The security device of claim 71 , wherein the first polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive does not exhibit tackification.
73 . The security device of claim 68 , further comprising a third polymer of the adhesive, and wherein a first polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive exhibits resistance to aqueous agents, a second polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive exhibits solvent resistance, the third polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive exhibits tackification, and the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with one or more of the first polymer, the second polymer, and the third polymer, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
74 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of 10 microns or less.
75 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of 5 microns or less.
76 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the adhesive exhibits wet tack from contact with a fibrous substrate containing sufficient water to activate a polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive that exhibits tackification.
77 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive that exhibits tackification comprises at least one of polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethyl cellulose, guar, styrene butadiene rubber, Arabic gum or polyacrylic acid.
78 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive that exhibits resistance to aqueous agents is provided as a solution, emulsion or dispersion in a liquid matrix.
79 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive that exhibits solvent resistance comprises at least one of polyethylene, an ethylene copolymer, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyetheretherketone.
80 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein a polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive that exhibits resistance to aqueous agents comprises at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, ethylene copolymers, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, or a copolymer of poly(vinyl acetate).
81 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures is greater than 100 degrees Celsius.
82 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures is between 65 and 100 degrees Celsius.
83 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the adhesive further comprises a blocking agent which deactivates at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
84 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the cross-linker comprises one or more of an aziridine, a carbodiimide, an isocyanate, a glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, glyoxylic acid or a salt thereof.
85 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with a polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive that exhibits tackification, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
86 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with a polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive that exhibits solvent resistance, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
87 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with a polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive that exhibits resistance to aqueous agents, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
88 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to be activated to chemically react with one or more polymers of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive that collectively exhibit tackification and resistance to aqueous agents, at the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
89 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the cross-linker is selected to chemically react with each polymer of the plurality of polymers of the adhesive that collectively exhibit tackification, resistance to aqueous agents and solvent resistance, at or above the temperature in the predetermined range of temperatures.
90 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the plurality of polymers of the adhesive does not include a single polymer which exhibits all three of tackification, solvent resistance and resistance to aqueous agents.
91 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the security device comprises a continuous web to be applied as a security thread to a security document.
92 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the authentication structure comprises a focusing layer.
93 . The security device of claim 92 , wherein the focusing layer comprises one or more of an array of refractive focusing elements or an array of reflective focusing elements.
94 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the authentication structure produces a synthetic image.
95 . The security device of claim 68 , wherein the authentication structure comprises one or more of, a diffractive security device, a conductive trace, a circuit pattern, a wave guide, a negative space air lens, an insulating ceramic structure, an icon image element, microtext, an anti-reflective structure, a light refracting prism, a micro-mirror structure, a patterned metallization, an unpatterned metallization, a fluorescent security print, a ruled grating, a periodic array, an aperiodic array, a structure for increasing surface area or a tactility altering structure.