Systems, apparatus and methods of zero current detection and start-up for direct current (DC) to DC converter circuits
A device includes a switch, a controller electrically coupled to the switch, an RC circuit, a diode and a zero current detection circuit. The controller is configured to provide a control signal to control the switch to charge and discharge an inductor between a zero current state and a peak current state to provide a light emitting diode (LED) drive current. The RC circuit includes at least a first resistive element, a second resistive element, and a capacitive element. The diode is electrically coupled in parallel with the RC circuit. The zero current detection circuit has a first input electrically coupled to the RC circuit, a second input electrically coupled to a threshold voltage, and an output electrically coupled to the controller.
1. A device comprising:
a switch;
a controller electrically coupled to the switch and configured to provide a control signal to control the switch to charge and discharge an inductor through a first capacitive element between a zero current state and a peak current state to provide a light emitting diode (LED) drive current;
an RC circuit comprising at least a first resistive element, a second resistive element, and a second capacitive element;
a diode electrically coupled in parallel with the RC circuit; and
a zero current detection circuit having a first input electrically coupled to the RC circuit, a second input electrically coupled to a threshold voltage, and an output electrically coupled to the controller.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the zero current detection circuit comprises a comparator that includes the first input, the second input, and the output.
3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising circuitry electrically coupled to the second input and configured to supply the threshold voltage at the second input.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein a level of the threshold voltage is based at least in part on a voltage level at the first input that indicates the zero current state of the inductor.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the switch is electrically coupled in parallel to the zero current detection circuit.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first resistive element and the second resistive element are electrically coupled in series with the capacitive element.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first resistive element, the second resistive element, and the capacitive have values such that a time constant of the RC circuit is longer than a maximum time for the power stage circuit to remain in a state other than the zero current state.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device is a direct current (DC)-DC power converter circuit, and the controller is configured to operate the DC-DC power converter circuit in a critical mode (CRM).
9. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a power stage circuit comprising the inductor.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first input of the zero current detection circuit is electrically coupled to a node between the first resistive element and the second resistive element.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the zero current detection circuit is configured to provide a voltage to the controller having one of a first level and a second level based on a voltage level at the first input being above or below the threshold voltage.
12. A system comprising:
a light emitting diode (LED) device array; and
at least one DC-DC converter circuit, the at least one DC-DC converter circuit comprising:
a power converter power stage circuit electrically coupled to receive a direct current (DC) voltage and supply a current to the LED array,
a first circuit configured to receive a first voltage, at a first input, and provide a second voltage having one of a first level and a second level based on a level of the first voltage being above or below a threshold voltage, and
a second circuit electrically coupled to the first input of the first circuit and configured to decrease the level of the first voltage below the threshold voltage when the first voltage is at a level that represents a non-zero current detection state of the power converter power stage circuit for a maximum time.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the first circuit comprises a comparator that includes the first input and a second input.
14. The system of claim 13 , further comprising circuitry electrically coupled to the second input of the comparator and configured to supply the threshold voltage at the second input.
15. The system of claim 12 , further comprising a switch in the power converter power stage circuit electrically coupled in parallel to the second circuit.
16. The system of claim 12 , wherein the second circuit comprises a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit comprising: a first resistor and a second resistor coupled in series with a capacitor, and a diode coupled in parallel with the first resistor and the second resistor, the first input to the first circuit being coupled at a node between the first resistor and the second resistor.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the first resistor, the second resistor, and the capacitor have values such that a time constant of the RC circuit is longer than the maximum time by an amount.
18. The system of claim 12 , further comprising:
an alternating current (AC) to DC converter circuit;
a wired or wireless receiver; and
a microcontroller configured to receive at least one of a voltage from the first circuit and one or more inputs from the at least one of the wired or wireless receiver and control a switch in the DC-DC converter circuit based on at least one of the voltage and the one or more inputs.
19. A method comprising:
receiving a first voltage at an input to a zero current detection circuit, the first voltage indicating at least that a power converter circuit is in one of a zero current state and a peak current state;
providing a second voltage, at an output of the zero current detection circuit, having one of a first level and a second level based on a level of the first voltage being above or below a threshold voltage; and
decreasing the level of the first voltage below the threshold voltage when the level of the first voltage is above the threshold voltage for a maximum time.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising not decreasing the level of the first voltage below the threshold when the level of the first voltage is above the threshold for less than the maximum time.
21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising operating the power converter circuit between a zero current state and a peak current state in a critical mode, the operating the power converter circuit in the critical mode comprising:
increasing a current at an inductor of the power converter circuit from zero current to a peak current, over a first time period, and
decreasing the current at the inductor from the peak current to the zero current, over a second time period.
22. The method of claim 19 , further comprising applying the second voltage to a switch to turn on the switch when the first voltage is below the threshold voltage and turn off the switch when the first voltage is above the threshold voltage.