Protection interfaces for Li-ion battery anodes
Interfacial films, which are both electronic conducting and ion conducting, for anode films are provided. The one or more protective films described herein may be mixed conduction materials, which are both electronic conducting and ion-conducting. The one or more protective films described herein may include materials selected from lithium transition metal dichalcogenides, Li 9 Ti 5 O 12 , or a combination thereof. The lithium transition metal dichalcogenide includes a transition metal dichalcogenide having the formula MX 2 , wherein M is selected from Ti, Mo, or W and X is selected from S, Se, or Te. The transition metal dichalcogenide may be selected from TiS 2 , MoS 2 , WS 2 , or a combination thereof. The lithium transition metal dichalcogenide may be selected from lithium-titanium-disulfide (e.g., LiTiS 2 ), lithium-tungsten-disulfide (e.g., LiWS 2 ), lithium-molybdenum-disulfide (e.g., LiMoS 2 ), or a combination thereof.
1. An anode electrode structure, comprising:
a current collector comprising copper and/or stainless steel;
a lithium metal film disposed directly on the current collector; and
a protective film stack disposed directly on the lithium metal film, comprising:
a first protective film disposed directly on the lithium metal film, the first protective film comprising Li 9 Ti 5 O 12 ; and
a second protective film disposed directly on the first protective film, the second protective film comprising a lithium dichalcogenide.
2. The anode electrode structure of claim 1 , wherein the lithium dichalcogenide is a lithium transition metal dichalcogenide.
3. The anode electrode structure of claim 2 , wherein the lithium transition metal dichalcogenide comprises a transition metal dichalcogenide having the formula MX 2 , wherein M is selected from Ti, Mo, or W and X is selected from S, Se, or Te.
4. The anode electrode structure of claim 3 , wherein the transition metal dichalcogenide is selected from TiS 2 , MoS 2 , WS 2 , or a combination thereof.
5. The anode electrode structure of claim 4 , wherein the first protective film has a thickness of 100 nm or less, and wherein the second protective film has a thickness of 100 nm or less.
6. The anode electrode structure of claim 5 , wherein the first protective film has a thickness of about 5 nm to about 40 nm, and wherein the second protective film has a thickness of about 5 nm to about 40 nm.
7. The anode electrode structure of claim 5 , wherein the second protective film has a thickness of about 5 nm to about 40 nm.
8. An energy storage device, comprising:
the anode electrode structure of claim 1 ;
a cathode electrode structure; and
a solid electrolyte film disposed between the anode electrode structure and the cathode electrode structure.
9. The energy storage device of claim 8 , wherein the solid electrolyte film is comprised of one or more of: LiPON, doped variants of either crystalline or amorphous phases of Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , doped anti-perovskite compositions, argyrodite compositions, lithium-sulfur-phosphorous materials, Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 , Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 , Li 3 PS 4 , lithium phosphate glasses, (1-x)LiI-(x)Li 4 SnS 4 , xLiI-(1-x)Li 4 SnS 4 , crystalline LLZO, amorphous (1-x)LiI-(x)Li 4 SnS 4 mixture, amorphous xLiI-(1-x)Li 4 SnS 4 , Li 3 S(BF 4 ) 0.5 Cl 0.5 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , lithium doped lanthanum titanate (LATP), Li (2+2x) Zn (1-x) GeO 4 , LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , LiHf 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , LiGe 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , or any combination thereof, and wherein x is between 0 and 1.
10. An anode electrode structure, comprising:
a current collector comprising stainless steel;
a lithium metal film disposed directly on the current collector; and
a protective film stack disposed directly on the lithium metal film, comprising:
a first protective film disposed directly on the lithium metal film, the first protective film comprising lithium, titanium, and oxygen; and
a second protective film disposed directly on the first protective film, the second protective film comprising a lithium dichalcogenide.
11. The anode electrode structure of claim 10 , wherein the lithium dichalcogenide is a lithium transition metal dichalcogenide.
12. The anode electrode structure of claim 11 , wherein the lithium transition metal dichalcogenide comprises a transition metal dichalcogenide having the formula MX 2 , wherein M is selected from Ti, Mo, or W and X is selected from S, Se, or Te.
13. The anode electrode structure of claim 12 , wherein the transition metal dichalcogenide is selected from TiS 2 , MoS 2 , WS 2 , or a combination thereof.
14. The anode electrode structure of claim 13 , wherein the first protective film has a thickness of about 5 nm to about 40 nm.
15. The anode electrode structure of claim 14 , wherein the second protective film has a thickness of about 5 nm to about 40 nm.
16. An energy storage device, comprising:
the anode electrode structure of claim 10 ;
a cathode electrode structure; and
a solid electrolyte film disposed between the anode electrode structure and the cathode electrode structure.
17. The energy storage device of claim 16 , wherein the solid electrolyte film is comprised of one or more of: LiPON, doped variants of either crystalline or amorphous phases of Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , doped anti-perovskite compositions, argyrodite compositions, lithium-sulfur-phosphorous materials, Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 , Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 , Li 3 PS 4 , lithium phosphate glasses, (1-x)LiI-x)Li 4 SnS 4 , xLiI-(1-x)Li 4 SnS 4 , crystalline LLZO, amorphous (1-x)LiI-(x)Li 4 SnS 4 mixture, amorphous xLiI-(1-x)Li 4 SnS 4 , Li 3 S(BF 4 ) 0.5 Cl 0.5 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , lithium doped lanthanum titanate (LATP), Li (2+2x) Zn (1-x) GeO 4 , LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , LiHf 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , LiGe 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , or any combination thereof, and wherein x is between 0 and 1.
18. An anode electrode structure, comprising:
a current collector comprising copper;
a lithium metal film disposed directly on the current collector; and
a protective film stack disposed directly on the lithium metal film, comprising:
a first protective film disposed directly on the lithium metal film, the first protective film comprising Li 9 Ti 5 O 12 ; and
a second protective film disposed directly on the first protective film, the second protective film comprising a lithium transition metal dichalcogenide, and the lithium transition metal dichalcogenide comprising titanium, molybdenum, or tungsten.
19. The anode electrode structure of claim 18 , wherein the transition metal dichalcogenide is selected from TiS 2 , MoS 2 , WS 2 , or a combination thereof.
20. The anode electrode structure of claim 18 , wherein the first protective film has a thickness of about 5 nm to about 40 nm.