Method and apparatus for horticultural lighting with current sharing
A method and apparatus for a light fixture that uses current sharing across any one or more parallel LED strings within the light fixture. A processor determines the current requirements of the one or more LED strings that are needed to produce a given intensity level. The processor then apportions the current generation capability of a power supply across all active LED strings using time division multiple access (TDMA) whereby each LED string conducts its apportioned current within its allocated time slot to the mutual exclusion of the remaining active LED strings in any given time period. The light fixture utilizes LEDs with increased forward voltage interspersed with LEDs having reduced forward voltage in the same LED string. A processor utilizes shunt devices across the one or more LEDs with increased forward voltage to substantially match the cumulative forward voltage of each LED string.
1. A light fixture, comprising:
a plurality of LED channels coupled to a current node and configured to receive a variable magnitude current signal from the current node, wherein one of the plurality of LED channels exhibits a cumulative forward voltage magnitude consisting of a first portion of LEDs having a first forward voltage magnitude and a second portion of LEDs having a second forward voltage magnitude, and wherein a rate of change of the magnitude of the first forward voltage is slower than a rate of change of the magnitude of the second forward voltage in response to the variable magnitude current signal;
one or more shunt devices disposed in relation to one or more of the first portion of LEDs, the second portion of LEDs being devoid of a shunt device; and
a processor coupled to each of the one or more shunt devices and configured to measure a change in the cumulative forward voltage of the one of the plurality of LED channels and further configured to vary the current signal conducted by the shunt devices to maintain a substantially constant cumulative forward voltage magnitude by simultaneously varying a resistance of each of the one or more shunt devices in response to the measurement.
2. The light fixture of claim 1 , wherein the first portion of LEDs include white LEDs.
3. The light fixture of claim 1 , wherein the second portion of LEDs include red LEDs.
4. The light fixture of claim 1 , wherein the one or more of the shunt devices are coupled in parallel with a single LED of the first portion of LEDs.
5. The light fixture of claim 1 , wherein the one or more of the shunt devices are coupled in parallel with multiple LEDs of the first portion of LEDs.
6. The light fixture of claim 1 , wherein the processor controls the conductivity state of each shunt device using a PWM signal.
7. The light fixture of claim 1 , wherein the one or more shunt devices are configured as voltage controlled variable resistors.
8. A method of maintaining a substantially constant cumulative forward voltage across an LED string, comprising:
arranging a first portion of LEDs in series within the LED string, the first portion of LEDs having a first forward voltage;
interspersing a second portion of LEDs in series among the first portion of LEDs to form a complete LED string, the second portion of LEDs having a second forward voltage that is greater than the first forward voltage;
disposing a shunt device across one or more of the second portion of LEDs, the first portion of LEDs being devoid of a shunt device;
conducting a variable magnitude current signal through the first and second portions of LEDs and each shunt device, wherein a rate of change of the magnitude of the first forward voltage is faster than a rate of change of the magnitude of the second forward voltage in response to the variable magnitude current signal;
measuring the cumulative forward voltage across the LED string; and
in response to the measurement, simultaneously changing the resistance of each shunt device to produce a variable voltage across the one or more of the second portion of LEDs to substantially match the rate of change of the magnitude of the first forward voltage.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein a color of light produced by the first portion of LEDs is different than a color of light produced by the second portion of LEDs.