Aluminum nitride heater
A heater includes an aluminum nitride base having equal to or less than 1% impurities, particularly one embodiment having none of polybrominated biphenyl, polybrominated diphenyl ether, hexabromocyclododecane, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated paraffin, phthalate, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, lead, and mercury. At least one resistive trace of silver and palladium overlies the base as does a conductor of silver and platinum or palladium that electrically connects to the resistive trace to apply an external voltage to the resistive trace for heating thereof. At least four, but optionally five, layers of glass overlie the resistive trace and part of the conductor. A first two consecutive layers of the glass layers define a first glass having a solid content of more than 65% and a viscosity of 100 Pa·s or less. The following two or three consecutive layers of the five layers define a second glass dissimilar to the first.
1. A heater, comprising:
an aluminum nitride base having equal to or less than 1% impurities;
at least one longitudinally extending resistive trace on the aluminum nitride base and a conductor on the aluminum nitride base electrically connected to the at least one resistive trace to apply an external voltage to the at least one resistive trace; and
at least four glass layers overlying the at least one resistive trace, but not an entirety of the conductor.
2. The heater of claim 1 , further including at least one thermistor on the aluminum nitride base on a side opposite the at least one resistive trace and the conductor.
3. The heater of claim 1 , further including a fifth layer of glass overlying the at least four glass layers.
4. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum nitride base has a thickness of about 0.5-0.7 mm, a length of about 150-160 mm, and a width of about 6-8 mm.
5. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the at least one resistive trace has a resistance of about 10-12 ohms at 195° C.
6. The heater of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the at least four glass layers has a viscosity of 100 Pa·s or less.
7. The heater of claim 6 , wherein the at least one of the at least four glass layers has said viscosity of 90 Pa·s or less.
8. The heater of claim 7 , wherein the at least one of the at least four glass layers has said viscosity of 65 Pa·s or less.
9. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the impurities do not include any of polybrominated biphenyl, polybrominated diphenyl ether, hexabromocyclododecane, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated paraffin, phthalate, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, lead, and mercury.
10. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the at least one resistive trace has a thickness of about 10-13 μm on the aluminum nitride base, a length of about 135-145 mm, and a width of about 4.5-5.5 mm.
11. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the conductor has a thickness of about 9-15 μm on the aluminum nitride base, a length of about 11-13 mm, and a width of about 4.8-5.8 mm.
12. The heater of claim 1 , wherein one of the at least four glass layers has a thickness of about 10-13 μm on the aluminum nitride base, a length of about 135-145 mm, and a width of about 4.5-5.5 mm.
13. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the at least one resistive trace is a blend of silver and palladium.
14. The heater of claim 13 , wherein the blend is 80% silver and 20% palladium.
15. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the conductor is blend of silver and platinum.
16. The heater of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the at least four glass layers has a solid content of 65% or more.
17. The heater of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the at least four glass layers has a solid content of about 61% and a viscosity of about 61 Pa·s.
18. The heater of claim 1 , wherein two consecutive layers of the at least four glass layers are a same glass layer and together have a thickness of about 24 μm.
19. The heater of claim 1 , further including a fifth layer of glass overlying the at least four glass layers, wherein three consecutive layers are a same glass layer and together have a thickness of about 65 μm.
20. A heater, comprising:
an aluminum nitride base having equal to or less than 1% impurities, wherein the impurities do not include any of polybrominated biphenyl, polybrominated diphenyl ether, hexabromocyclododecane, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated paraffin, phthalate, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, lead, and mercury;
at least one longitudinally extending resistive trace of a first blend of silver and palladium on the aluminum nitride base and a conductor of a second blend of silver and platinum or palladium on the aluminum nitride base electrically connected to the at least one resistive trace to apply an external voltage to the at least one resistive trace for heating thereof; and
five glass layers overlying the at least one resistive trace, but not an entirety of the conductor, wherein a first two consecutive layers of the five glass layers are a first glass and a following three consecutive layers of the five glass layers are a second glass dissimilar to the first glass, the first glass having a solid content of about 61% and a viscosity of about 61 Pa·s.