Liquid concentrate fire retardant compositions containing mixtures of ammonium phosphates
Described herein are liquid fire retardant concentrate compositions comprising mixtures of ammonium phosphate fire retardants. Specifically, liquid fire retardant concentrate compositions comprising one or more of monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) are described herein. The ammonium phosphate fire retardant(s) is typically suspended and/or dissolved in a liquid, typically with the fire retardant(s) incorporated into the composition in powder, or granular form. In certain aspects of the present invention, the compositions provided may exhibit one or more advantages as compared to current liquid concentrate fire retardants, including enhanced strength (i.e., a higher proportion of fire retardant component per unit volume), reduced toxicity, and/or reduced corrosion.
1. A liquid fire retardant concentrate composition, the composition comprising:
one or more powdered fire retardants dispersed throughout an aqueous medium, wherein the one or more fire retardants are selected from the group consisting of monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP);
a suspending agent comprising micronized clay, and
a corrosion inhibitor system comprising a molybdate corrosion inhibitor and an azole corrosion inhibitor.
2. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 1 wherein the one or more fire retardants are MAP and DAP.
3. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 2 wherein the composition comprises MAP and DAP in a weight ratio of from about 40:60 to about 60:40.
4. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 1 wherein the one or more fire retardants is APP.
5. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 4 wherein the composition comprises from about 10% to about 50% APP.
6. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 1 wherein the suspending agent comprises a micronized clay selected from the group consisting of attapulgite clay, kaolinite clay, halloysite clay, bentonite clay, and combinations thereof in an amount of from about 2% to about 5% by weight of the composition.
7. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 1 wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises anhydrous sodium molybdate, its dihydrate, or a mixture thereof in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 2.0% by weight of the composition.
8. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 1 wherein the azole corrosion inhibitor comprises tolytriazole and/or benzotriazole in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 2.0% by weight of the composition.
9. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 1 wherein the concentrate composition further comprises water, wherein water constitutes from about 10% to about 50% by weight of the concentrate composition.
10. A liquid fire retardant concentrate composition, the composition comprising:
water;
a mixture of ammonium phosphates, the mixture comprising monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP);
a suspending agent comprising micronized clay; and
a corrosion inhibitor system comprising a molybdate corrosion inhibitor and an azole corrosion inhibitor, wherein:
water constitutes less than 50% by volume of the concentrate composition.
11. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 10 , wherein water constitutes from about 10% to about 50% by weight of the concentrate composition.
12. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 11 wherein:
the diammonium phosphate constitutes from about 19% to about 48% by weight of the total composition;
the monoammonium phosphate constitutes from about 2% to about 30% by weight of the total composition; and
the suspending agent constitutes from about 1% to about 7% by weight of the total composition.
13. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 10 wherein:
the mixture of ammonium phosphates comprises free monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and free diammonium phosphate (free DAP);
the micronized clay is complexed with diammonium phosphate (complexed DAP) and/or monoammonium phosphate (complexed MAP); and
water constitutes from about 10% to about 50% by weight of the concentrate composition.
14. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 10 wherein the composition comprises MAP and DAP in a weight ratio of from about 40:60 to about 60:40.
15. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 10 wherein the suspending agent comprises a micronized clay selected from the group consisting of attapulgite clay, kaolinite clay, halloysite clay, bentonite clay, and combinations thereof in an amount of from about 2% to about 5% by weight of the composition.
16. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 10 wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises anhydrous sodium molybdate, its dihydrate, or a mixture thereof in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 2.0% by weight of the composition and the azole corrosion inhibitor comprises tolytriazole and/or benzotriazole in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 2.0% by weight of the composition.
17. A liquid fire retardant concentrate composition, the composition comprising:
a mixture of ammonium phosphates, the mixture comprising monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP);
a suspending agent comprising micronized clay;
water, wherein water constitutes from about 10% to about 50% by weight of the concentrate composition; and
a corrosion inhibitor system comprising a molybdate corrosion inhibitor and an azole corrosion inhibitor.
18. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 17 wherein the composition comprises MAP and DAP in a weight ratio of from about 40:60 to about 60:40.
19. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 17 wherein the suspending agent comprises a micronized clay selected from the group consisting of attapulgite clay, kaolinite clay, halloysite clay, bentonite clay, and combinations thereof in an amount of from about 2% to about 5% by weight of the composition.
20. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 17 wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises anhydrous sodium molybdate, its dihydrate, or a mixture thereof in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 2.0% by weight of the composition.
21. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 17 wherein the azole corrosion inhibitor comprises tolytriazole and/or benzotriazole in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 2.0% by weight of the composition.
22. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 17 wherein the composition further comprises a biopolymer selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum, diutan gum, and mixtures thereof.
23. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 22 wherein the weight ratio of micronized clay to biopolymer is from about 1:1 to about 3:1.
24. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 17 wherein water constitutes from about 40% to about 50% by weight of the composition.
25. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 17 wherein the composition further comprises a pigment or dye.
26. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 25 wherein the composition comprises a fugitive color system.
27. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 17 further comprising an opacifier selected from the group consisting of ferric oxide, titanium dioxide, zine ferrite, combinations thereof.
28. A liquid fire retardant concentrate composition, the composition comprising water and a fire retardant component comprising a mixture of ammonium phosphates, wherein:
the mixture of ammonium phosphates comprises monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP);
the fire retardant component has a sulfate content of less than 0.2% by total weight);
the composition comprises a suspending agent comprising micronized clay; and
a corrosion inhibitor system comprising a molybdate corrosion inhibitor and an azole corrosion inhibitor.
29. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 28 wherein the micronized clay is selected from the group consisting of attapulgite clay, kaolinite clay, halloysite clay, bentonite clay, and combinations thereof.
30. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 28 , the composition further comprising a biopolymer.
31. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 30 wherein the biopolymer is selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum, diutan gum, and combinations thereof.
32. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 28 , wherein water constitutes from about 10% to about 50% by weight of the total composition.
33. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 32 , wherein the composition comprises a suspending agent and a biopolymer at a weight ratio of suspending agent to biopolymer of at least 1:1.
34. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 28 wherein the corrosion inhibitor system constitutes from about 0.01% to about to about 2.0% by weight.
35. The liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 34 wherein the corrosion inhibitor system comprises a micronized clay complexed with diammonium phosphate (DAP) and/or monoammonium phosphate (MAP), a molybdate corrosion inhibitor, an azole corrosion inhibitor, a pyrophosphate, or any combination thereof.
36. A fire retardant solution prepared by the method of mixing the liquid fire retardant concentrate composition of claim 28 with water.
37. A method of combatting a wildfire, the method comprising applying the fire retardant solution of claim 36 either directly onto flaming fuel or indirectly onto the fuel ahead of a potentially advancing fire front.