Cannula for minimizing dilution of dosing during nitric oxide delivery
The present invention generally relates to, amongst other things, systems, devices, materials, and methods that can improve the accuracy and/or precision of nitric oxide therapy by, for example, reducing the dilution of inhaled nitric oxide (NO). As described herein, NO dilution can occur because of various factors. To reduce the dilution of an intended NO dose, various exemplary nasal cannulas, pneumatic configurations, methods of manufacturing, and methods of use, etc. are disclosed.
1. A nasal cannula for therapeutic gas delivered to a patient in need thereof, comprising:
a first lumen, a second lumen, and a third lumen;
wherein the first lumen is a first therapeutic gas lumen for delivering a first therapeutic gas to a patient in need thereof,
wherein the second lumen is a triggering lumen, and
wherein the third lumen is a second therapeutic gas lumen for delivering a second therapeutic gas to the patient; and
a cannula nosepiece allowing separate flow paths to the patient for at least one of (i) the first therapeutic gas lumen, (ii) the triggering lumen, and (iii) the second therapeutic gas lumen,
wherein the first therapeutic gas lumen comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH),
wherein the first therapeutic gas lumen comprises a co-extrusion of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and EVOH or a co-extrusion of PVC and PVDC.
2. The nasal cannula of claim 1 , wherein the nasal cannula (i) reduces dilution of one or more of the first and second therapeutic gases delivered to the patient or (ii) is configured to be placed in fluid communication with at least one system to deliver one or more of the first and second therapeutic gases to the patient, or both.
3. The nasal cannula of claim 1 , wherein the nasal cannula at least one of inhibits mixing of nitric oxide and oxygen and reduces delivery of nitrogen dioxide to the patient.
4. The nasal cannula of claim 1 , wherein the first therapeutic gas is nitric oxide and the second therapeutic gas is oxygen, and wherein the first therapeutic gas lumen for delivering nitric oxide is smaller than the second therapeutic gas lumen for delivering oxygen and the triggering lumen.
5. The nasal cannula of claim 1 , wherein the first therapeutic gas is nitric oxide and the first therapeutic gas lumen for delivering nitric oxide is about six feet to about eight feet in length having an inner diameter of about 0.01 inches to about 0.10 inches.
6. The nasal cannula of claim 1 , wherein the first therapeutic gas is nitric oxide and the cannula nosepiece comprises a nitric oxide flow path having an inner diameter that is smaller than an inner diameter of the first therapeutic gas lumen.
7. The nasal cannula of claim 1 , wherein the first therapeutic gas is nitric oxide and the cannula nosepiece comprises a nitric oxide flow path having a volume that is less than about 10% of a minimum pulse volume of a pulse of nitric oxide.
8. The nasal cannula of claim 1 , wherein the cannula comprises a wall material having a low oxygen transmission rate that is between
0.001
(
cm
3
)
(
mil
)
(
24
hrs
)
(
100
in
2
)
(
ATM
)
and
10
(
cm
3
)
(
mil
)
(
24
hrs
)
(
100
in
2
)
(
ATM
)
.
9. The nasal cannula of claim 1 , wherein the cannula is further comprising a fourth lumen:
the fourth lumen being another first therapeutic gas lumen for delivering the first therapeutic gas to the patient; and
wherein the first lumen delivers the first therapeutic gas to one nostril of the patient and the fourth lumen delivers the first therapeutic gas to another nostril of the patient.
10. The nasal cannula of claim 1 , further comprising one or more of: (i) at least one check valve in fluid communication with the first therapeutic gas lumen, (ii) a cannula key, (iii) a scavenging material, and (iv) a flexible support bridge.
11. A nasal cannula for therapeutic gas delivered to a patient in need thereof, comprising:
a first lumen, a second lumen, and a third lumen;
wherein the first lumen is a first therapeutic gas lumen for delivering a first therapeutic gas to a patient,
wherein the second lumen is a triggering lumen for triggering release of a pulse of the first therapeutic gas, and
wherein the third lumen is a second therapeutic gas lumen for delivering a second therapeutic gas to the patient;
the first therapeutic gas lumen, the triggering lumen, and the second therapeutic gas lumen aggregating at a cannula nosepiece, the cannula nosepiece allowing separate flow paths to the patient for each of the first therapeutic gas lumen, the triggering lumen, and the second therapeutic gas lumen; and
the first therapeutic gas lumen having an inner diameter that is one or more of (i) smaller than an inner diameter of the second therapeutic gas lumen and an inner diameter of the triggering lumen and (ii) larger than an inner diameter of the flow path for the first therapeutic gas lumen at the cannula nosepiece,
wherein the first therapeutic gas lumen comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH),
wherein the first therapeutic gas lumen comprises a co-extrusion of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and EVOH or a co-extrusion of PVC and PVDC.
12. The nasal cannula of claim 11 , wherein the nasal cannula (i) reduces dilution of one or more of the first and second therapeutic gases delivered to the patient or (ii) is configured to be placed in fluid communication with at least one system to deliver one or more of the first and second therapeutic gases to the patient, or both.
13. The nasal cannula of claim 11 , wherein the nasal cannula at least one of inhibits mixing of nitric oxide and oxygen and reduces delivery of nitrogen dioxide to the patient.
14. The nasal cannula of claim 11 , wherein the first therapeutic gas is nitric oxide and the first therapeutic gas lumen for delivering nitric oxide is about six feet to about eight feet in length having an inner diameter of about 0.01 inches to about 0.10 inches.
15. The nasal cannula of claim 11 , wherein the first therapeutic gas is nitric oxide and the cannula nosepiece comprises a nitric oxide flow path having a volume that is less than about 10% of a minimum pulse volume of a pulse of nitric oxide.
16. The nasal cannula of claim 11 , wherein the cannula comprises a wall material having a low oxygen transmission rate that is between
0.001
(
cm
3
)
(
mil
)
(
24
hrs
)
(
100
in
2
)
(
ATM
)
and
10
(
cm
3
)
(
mil
)
(
24
hrs
)
(
100
in
2
)
(
ATM
)
.
17. The nasal cannula of claim 1 , wherein the co-extrusion further comprises a tie layer.
18. The nasal cannula of claim 11 , wherein the co-extrusion further comprises a tie layer.