Current in-rush limiter
Circuits and methods for limiting excessive current in circuits (such as step-up DC-to-DC converter circuits) in which very low ohmic FETs (VLOFETs) are used in circuit pathways that are subjected to startup in-rush current. Embodiments include a current mirror driver circuit that can be coupled to the gates of a VLOFET to form a current mirror that limits current flow through the VLOFET. The current mirror driver circuit provides for pulsed operation so that a coupled VLOFET still toggles between an OFF state and a current limited mode, particularly during a startup period. By using the current mirror driver circuit in conjunction with VLOFETs in circuit pathways that are subjected to startup in-rush current, in-rush current can be regulated to an acceptable level. Notably, no additional impedances are required in circuit pathways that are subjected to startup in-rush current to limit in-rush current, thus avoiding loss of efficiency.
1. A circuit including a very low ohmic FET (VLOFET) having a control gate, and a current mirror driver circuit coupled to the control gate of the VLOFET, wherein the circuit is configured to have a current mirror mode in which current through the VLOFET is limited by the current mirror driver circuit during a startup period of time.
2. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the circuit is further configured to have a pass-through mode of operation in which current through the VLOFET is not limited by the current mirror driver circuit after the startup period of time.
3. The invention of claim 1 , wherein in the current mirror mode, the current mirror driver circuit and the VLOFET comprise a current mirror.
4. The invention of claim 3 , wherein the current mirror limits current flow through the VLOFET as a result of the current mirror driver circuit limiting application of a clock phase to the control gate of the VLOFET to a first voltage range during the startup period of time.
5. The invention of claim 4 , wherein the circuit is further configured to have a pass-through mode of operation in which the clock phase has a second, wider voltage range after the startup period of time.
6. A circuit including a very low ohmic FET (VLOFET) having a control gate, and a current mirror driver circuit coupled to the control gate of the VLOFET and configured to be coupled to a clock phase, wherein the circuit is configured to have a current mirror mode in which the clock phase, when coupled, is limited by the current mirror driver circuit.
7. The invention of claim 6 , wherein the circuit is further configured to have a pass-through mode of operation in which the clock phase, when coupled, is not limited by the current mirror driver circuit.
8. The invention of claim 6 , wherein in the current mirror mode, the current mirror driver circuit and the VLOFET comprise a current mirror.
9. The invention of claim 8 , wherein the current mirror limits current flow through the VLOFET as a result of the current mirror driver circuit limiting the clock phase, when coupled, to a first voltage range for a selected period of time.
10. The invention of claim 9 , wherein the circuit is further configured to have a pass-through mode of operation in which the clock phase, when coupled, has a second, wider voltage range after the selected period of time.
11. A circuit for limiting current through a very low ohmic FET (VLOFET) having a control gate, the circuit including a current mirror driver circuit configured to be coupled to the control gate of the VLOFET and to a clock phase, wherein the current mirror driver circuit and VLOFET, when coupled, comprise a current mirror that limits current flow through the VLOFET by limiting the clock phase to a first voltage range for a selected period of time.
12. The invention of claim 11 , wherein the current mirror driver circuit outputs a pulsed voltage to the control gate of the VLOFET.
13. The invention of claim 11 , wherein the current mirror limits in-rush current flowing through a respective body diode of the VLOFET.
14. The invention of claim 11 , wherein the circuit is reconfigurable to enable a current-limiting mode of operation in which the current mirror driver circuit limits current flow in the coupled VLOFET, or to enable a pass-through mode in which the clock phase passes through to the control gate of the coupled VLOFET.
15. The invention of claim 11 , further including a source of the clock phase.
16. The invention of claim 11 , further including a switch coupled to the current mirror driver circuit and configured to selectively apply to the control gate of the VLOFET, when coupled, either the clock phase limited to a first voltage range by the current mirror driver circuit, or the clock phase limited to a second, wider voltage range.
17. The invention of claim 16 , wherein the switch is configured to apply the clock phase limited to the first voltage range for a period of time, and apply the clock phase limited to the second, wider voltage range after the period of time.
18. The invention of claim 16 , wherein the circuit is reconfigurable to enable a current-limiting mode of operation in which the current mirror driver circuit limits current flow in the coupled VLOFET, or to enable a pass-through mode in which the clock phase passes through to the control gate of the coupled VLOFET.
19. The invention of claim 16 , wherein the current mirror driver circuit outputs a pulsed voltage to the control gate of the VLOFET.
20. The invention of claim 16 , wherein the current mirror limits in-rush current flowing through a respective body diode of the VLOFET.