Categorization of waveform morphologies
Arrangements described herein relate to systems, apparatuses, and methods for categorizing a waveform that includes processing a signal containing ultrasound data about the waveform, identifying one or more morphological variables of the waveform based on the ultrasound data, identifying one or more categories that correspond to a range of combinations of the morphological variables, and categorizing the waveform as belonging to one of the one or more categories. In some arrangements, the method may further include visualizing the waveforms, determining a probability that the waveform belongs to each of the one or more categories, and/or displaying the probability that the waveform falls into each of the one or more categories. Morphological variables may include quantifying absolute peak onset, number/prominence of auxiliary peaks, and systolic canopy length.
1. A method of categorizing a waveform corresponding to a type of blood flow within one or more cerebral arteries of a subject, comprising:
generating the waveform corresponding to ultrasound data by processing a signal containing the ultrasound data;
identifying three morphological variables of the waveform based on the ultrasound data, wherein the three morphological variables comprise: a first variable comprising an absolute peak onset of the waveform, a second variable comprising a length of a canopy of the waveform, and a third variable comprising one or more of a number of one or more auxiliary peaks of the waveform or prominence of the one or more auxiliary peaks of the waveform;
mapping the three morphological variables to a three-dimensional space defined by three axes, wherein each of the three morphological variables corresponds to one of the three axes;
identifying two or more categories that correspond to a range of combinations of the morphological variables based on the three-dimensional space;
determining a probability that the waveform belongs to the two or more categories;
categorizing the waveform as belonging to one of the two or more categories;
visualizing the two or more categories; and
displaying the probability that the waveform belongs to the two or more categories.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein visualizing the two or more categories comprises mapping: the first variable along a first axis; the second variable along a second axis; and the third variable along a third axis, wherein the first axis, the second axis, and the third axis are different axes.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein each of the two or more categories corresponds to a designated area within the three-dimensional space defined by the first axis, the second axis, and the third axis.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein: the first variable is categorized as early or late; the second variable is categorized as wide or narrow; and the third variable is categorized as weak or strong.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the waveform is categorized in:
the first category in response to determining that the first variable is categorized as early, the second variable is categorized as wide, and the third variable is categorized as strong;
the second category in response to determining that the first variable is categorized as late, the second variable is categorized as wide, and the third variable is categorized as strong;
the third category in response to determining that the first variable is categorized as early, the second variable is categorized as narrow, and the third variable is categorized as weak; and
the fourth category in response to determining that the first variable is categorized as late, the second variable is categorized as wide, and the third variable is categorized as weak.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein:
the first category corresponds to the blood flow through the one or more cerebral arteries being normal;
the third category corresponds to the blood flow through the one or more cerebral arteries being occluded; and
the fourth category corresponds to the blood flow through the one or more cerebral arteries being blunted.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the designated areas of two or more categories overlap.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two or more categories correspond to one or more pathologies of the subject.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein one of the one or more pathologies comprise one or more of stroke, intracranial hypertension, and mild traumatic brain injury.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two or more categories comprise four categories that correspond to previously known Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia (TIM) flows.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein a Transcranial Doppler (TCD) transducer collects the ultrasound data and identifies the three morphological features of the waveform.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein an automated algorithm is instructed to perform the method.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein
the signal comprises samples;
processing the signal containing ultrasound data comprises determining the waveform based on the samples, the waveform being an representative waveform of the samples; and
the method further comprises displaying the waveform and the samples.
14. A method of visualizing waveforms corresponding to a type of blood flow within one or more cerebral arteries of a subject, comprising:
collecting data about a waveform using ultrasound insonation;
automatically identifying three morphological variables of the waveform from the data, wherein the three morphological variables comprise: a first variable comprising an absolute peak onset of the waveform, a second variable comprising a length of a canopy of the waveform, and a third variable comprising one or more of a number of one or more auxiliary peaks of the waveform or prominence of the one or more auxiliary peaks of the waveform;
mapping the three morphological variables to a three-dimensional space defined by three axes, wherein each of the three morphological variables corresponds to one of the three axes;
automatically referencing two or more predetermined categories that correspond to a range of combinations of the morphological variables based on the three-dimensional space;
automatically determining a probability that the waveform belongs to each of the two or more categories;
categorizing the waveform as belonging to one of the two or more categories;
displaying the one of the two or more categories; and
indicating the probability that the waveform falls into each of the two or more categories.
15. A device for visualizing categorization of a waveform corresponding to a type of blood flow within one or more cerebral arteries of a subject, wherein the device comprises:
a probe configured to collect data from the waveform;
a processing circuit configured to:
identify three morphological variables of the waveform from the data, wherein the three morphological variables comprise: a first variable comprising an absolute peak onset of the waveform, a second variable comprising a length of a canopy of the waveform, and a third variable comprising one or more of a number of one or more auxiliary peaks of the waveform or prominence of the one or more auxiliary peaks of the waveform;
map the three morphological variables to a three-dimensional space defined by three axes, wherein each of the three morphological variables corresponds to one of the three axes;
reference two or more predetermined categories that correspond to a range of combinations of the morphological variables based on the three-dimensional space;
determine a probability that the waveform belongs to each of the two or more predetermined categories; and
categorize the waveform as belonging to one of the two or more predetermined categories; and
an output device, wherein the output device displays the one of the two or more predetermined categories and the probability determined by the processing circuit.