Polarization-agnostic optical dimming device and optical assembly including the same

1. An optical dimming device, comprising:

at least one polarization rotator configured to switch a polarization of a linearly polarized component of an incoming light between two orthogonal polarizations; and

at least one polarizer coupled with the at least one polarization rotator, and configured to output a light having a light intensity reduced to a predetermined percentage of an initial light intensity of the incoming light,

wherein the predetermined percentage is substantially the same for different incoming lights having different initial polarizations.

2. The optical dimming device of claim 1 , wherein at a clear state or an intermediate state of the optical dimming device, the at least one polarization rotator is configured to constantly switch the linearly polarized component of the incoming light between the two orthogonal polarizations at a predetermined switching frequency.

3. The optical dimming device of claim 2 , wherein the predetermined switching frequency is at least 60 Hz.

4. The optical dimming device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one polarization rotator includes a switchable half-wave plate.

5. The optical dimming device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one polarization rotator includes at least one of a Pi-cell, a ferroelectric liquid crystal, a twisted-nematic cell, or an electrically controlled birefringence cell.

6. The optical dimming device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one polarization rotator includes two or more liquid crystal (“LC”) cells stacked in series, wherein the two or more LC cells are arranged with orthogonal alignment directions.

7. The optical dimming device of claim 6 , wherein the two or more LC cells are filled with a same material and operated in a same LC mode.

8. The optical dimming device of claim 7 , wherein the LC mode includes one of a twisted-nematic mode, an electronically controllable birefringence mode, or an optically compensated bend mode.

9. The optical dimming device of claim 1 , wherein:

the at least one polarization rotator includes a first polarization rotator and a second polarization rotator, and the at least one polarizer includes a first polarizer and a second polarizer,

the first polarization rotator is configured to switch the linearly polarized component of the incoming light between a first polarization and a second polarization that is orthogonal to the first polarization at a predetermined switching frequency,

the first polarizer is disposed between the first polarization rotator and the second polarization rotator, and is configured to transmit a linearly polarized light having a third polarization and block a linearly polarized light having a polarization orthogonal to the third polarization,

the second polarization rotator is disposed between the first polarizer and the second polarizer, and is configured to switch the linearly polarized light having the third polarization between a fourth polarization and a fifth polarization that is orthogonal to the fourth polarization, and

the second polarizer is configured to transmit one of a linearly polarized light having the fourth polarization or a linearly polarized light having the fifth polarization and block the other one of the linearly polarized light having the fourth polarization or the linearly polarized light having the fifth polarization.

10. The optical dimming device of claim 9 , wherein the second polarization rotator is configured to switch a polarization of the linearly polarized light having the third polarization to a sixth polarization different from the fourth polarization and the fifth polarization, and the second polarizer is configured to at least partially transmit a linearly polarized light having the sixth polarization.

11. An optical assembly, comprising:

an optical combiner including a first side facing a real world environment and an opposing second side facing an eye-box of the optical assembly; and

an optical dimming device disposed at the first side of the optical combiner and including:

at least one polarization rotator configured to switch a polarization of a linearly polarized component of a first light from a real world environment between two orthogonal polarizations; and

at least one polarizer coupled with the at least one polarization rotator, and configured to output a second light having a light intensity reduced to a predetermined percentage of an initial light intensity of the first light,

wherein the predetermined percentage is substantially the same for different first lights having different initial polarizations, and

wherein the optical combiner is configured to combine a third light from a light source and the second light to the eye-box.

12. The optical assembly of claim 11 , wherein the optical combiner includes an image combiner.

13. The optical assembly of claim 11 , wherein the optical combiner includes an eye-tracking combiner.

14. The optical assembly of claim 11 , wherein at a clear state or an intermediate state of the optical dimming device, the at least one polarization rotator is configured to constantly switch the polarization of the linearly polarized component of the first light between the two orthogonal polarizations at a predetermined switching frequency.

15. The optical assembly of claim 14 , wherein the predetermined switching frequency is at least 60 Hz.

16. The optical assembly of claim 11 , wherein the at least one polarization rotator includes a switchable half-wave plate.

17. The optical assembly of claim 11 , wherein the at least one polarization rotator includes at least one of a Pi-cell, a ferroelectric liquid crystal, a twisted-nematic cell, or an electrically controlled birefringence cell.

18. The optical assembly of claim 11 , wherein:

the at least one polarization rotator includes two or more liquid crystal (“LC”) cells stacked in series,

the two or more LC cells are arranged with orthogonal alignment directions,

the two LC cells are filled with a same material and operated in a same LC mode, and

the same LC mode includes one of a twisted-nematic mode, an electronically controllable birefringence mode, or an optically compensated bend mode.

19. The optical assembly of claim 11 , wherein:

the at least one polarization rotator includes a first polarization rotator and a second polarization rotator, and the at least one polarizer includes a first polarizer and a second polarizer,

the first polarization rotator is configured to switch the polarization of the linearly polarized component of the first light between a first polarization and a second polarization that is orthogonal to the first polarization at a predetermined switching frequency,

the first polarizer is disposed between the first polarization rotator and the second polarization rotator, and is configured to transmit a linearly polarized light having a third polarization and block a linearly polarized light having a polarization orthogonal to the third polarization,

the second polarization rotator is disposed between the first polarizer and the second polarizer, and is configured to switch a polarization of the linearly polarized light having the third polarization between a fourth polarization and a fifth polarization that is orthogonal to the fourth polarization, and

the second polarizer is configured to transmit one of a linearly polarized light having the fourth polarization or a linearly polarized light having the fifth polarization and block the other one of the linearly polarized light having the fourth polarization or the linearly polarized light having the fifth polarization.

20. The optical assembly of claim 19 , wherein the second polarization rotator is configured to switch the polarization of the linearly polarized light having the third polarization to a sixth polarization different from the fourth polarization or the fifth polarization, and the second polarizer is configured to at least partially transmit a linearly polarized light having the sixth polarization.