Electromagnetic telemetry device
In one aspect, an electromagnetic (EM) telemetry device is disclosed including an EM telemetry circuit capable of transmitting a pulsed high power EM telemetry signal, wherein the high power EM telemetry signal has a peak or average pulse power of about 20 W to about 2000 W.
1. A topside receiver for receiving a telemetry signal from a downhole electromagnetic telemetry device, wherein the telemetry signal is transmitted through the earth to the receiver, the receiver comprising:
a receiver antenna comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the receiver antenna is configured to generate an antenna signal current and an antenna signal voltage in response to the telemetry signal;
a detector configured to detect at least one of the antenna signal current and the antenna signal voltage; and
a decoder configured to decode data encoded on the telemetry signal with a bit rate of at least 1 bit per second (bps) based on the detected antenna signal current or antenna signal voltage.
2. The receiver of claim 1 , wherein the detector is configured to detect the antenna signal current with a sensitivity of 1 mA or less.
3. The receiver of claim 1 , wherein the detector is configured to detect the antenna signal current with a sensitivity of 1 μA or less.
4. The receiver of claim 1 , wherein the detector is configured to detect the antenna signal voltage with a sensitivity of 100 mV or less.
5. The receiver of claim 1 , wherein the detector is configured to detect the antenna signal current or the antenna signal voltage in the presence of noise with a signal to noise amplitude ratio (SNR A ) of −30 dB or less.
6. The receiver of claim 1 , wherein the detector is configured to detect the antenna signal current or the antenna signal voltage at frequencies in the range of about 0.5 Hz to about 100 Hz.
7. The receiver of claim 1 , wherein the detector is configured to detect the antenna signal current or the antenna signal voltage with a detection bandwidth of about 30 Hz or more.
8. The receiver of claim 1 , wherein the detector is a multi-mode detector configured to detect the antenna signal current in a first mode and to detect the antenna signal voltage in a second mode.
9. The receiver of claim 1 , wherein the detector comprises:
a preamplifier having an input coupled to the receiver antenna;
a primary filter configured to filter a preamplified signal from the preamplifier; and
a primary amplifier coupled to the primary filter configured to further amplify the filtered preamplifier signal.
10. The receiver of claim 9 , wherein at least one of the preamplifier and the primary amplifier is a differential amplifier.
11. The receiver of claim 9 , wherein both of the preamplifier and the primary amplifier are differential amplifiers.
12. The receiver of claim 9 , wherein the detector is configured to detect the antenna signal current, and wherein the preamplifier comprises a transimpedance amplifier.
13. The receiver of claim 9 , wherein the primary filter is configured to pass signals in one or more passbands corresponding to frequencies of the telemetry signal and attenuate or block signals in at least one stopband corresponding to frequencies of a noise source.
14. The receiver of claim 13 , wherein the noise source is drive motor for a downhole drilling tool associated with the downhole telemetry device.
15. The receiver of claim 9 , wherein the primary filter is characterized by a first stopband at frequencies below those of a first passband, and a second stopband at frequencies above those of the first passband.
16. The receiver of claim 9 , further comprising:
a dummy antenna configured to be substantially isolated from the telemetry signal;
wherein the detector is configured to detect a dummy signal from the dummy antenna and reduce noise in a detected signal from the receiver antenna based on the dummy signal.
17. The receiver of claim 16 , wherein the noise comprises magnetic interference.
18. The receiver of claim 16 , wherein the dummy antenna has a physical circuit layout substantially similar to a physical circuit layout of the receiver antenna and
wherein the receiver antenna is configured to generate a multi-ended output, and
wherein the detector is configured as a fully differential detector.
19. The receiver of claim 9 , wherein, during operation of the receiver, at least the first electrode is in constant electrical contact with a downhole tool associated with the downhole telemetry device.
20. The receiver of claim 9 , further comprising:
a cable establishing electrical contact between the downhole tool associated with the downhole telemetry device and a more uphole object, wherein the object is in electrical contact with the first electrode.
21. The receiver of claim 20 , wherein the more uphole object comprises at least one of a blow out preventer and a topside rig.
22. A method of receiving a telemetry signal from a downhole electromagnetic telemetry device, the method comprising:
selecting the topside receiver of claim 1 ,
receiving the telemetry signal from the downhole electromagnetic telemetry device transmitted through the earth to the receiver;
generating an antenna signal current and an antenna signal voltage in response to the telemetry signal;
detecting at least one of the antenna signal current and the antenna signal voltage; and
decoding data encoded on the telemetry signal based on the detected antenna signal current or antenna signal voltage with a bit rate of at least 1 bit per second (bps).