Delivery of biomolecules to PBMCs to modify an immune response
The present application provides peripheral blood mononuclear cells comprising an antigen, methods of manufacturing such PBMCs, and methods of using such PBMCs, such as for modulating an immune response in an individual. In some embodiments, the PBMCs are conditioned by incubating the PBMC in the presence of an adjuvant.
1. A conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs comprising an antigen intracellularly, wherein the antigen is exogenous to the modified PBMCs, and wherein the plurality of modified PBMCs have been incubated with an adjuvant for about 4 hours to less than 24 hours to condition the plurality of modified PBMCs such that the conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs are capable of inducing an in vivo T cell immune response, and wherein the in vivo T cell immune response is at least about 2-fold greater than that induced by corresponding non-conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs.
2. A conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs comprising an antigen and a first adjuvant intracellularly, wherein the antigen and the first adjuvant are exogenous to the modified PBMCs, wherein the plurality of modified PBMCs have been incubated with a second adjuvant for about 4 hours to less than 24 hours to condition the plurality of modified PBMCs such that the conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs are capable of inducing an in vivo T cell immune response, wherein the in vivo T cell immune response is at least about 2-fold greater than that induced by corresponding non-conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs, and wherein the first adjuvant and the second adjuvant are not the same.
3. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 1 , wherein the antigen was intracellularly delivered to a plurality of input PBMCs to produce the plurality of modified PBMCs, by passing a cell suspension comprising the plurality of input PBMCs through a cell-deforming constriction, thereby causing perturbations of the input PBMCs such that the antigen enters the input PBMCs through the perturbations when contacted with the input PBMCs.
4. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 2 , wherein the antigen and/or the first adjuvant was intracellularly delivered to a plurality of input PBMCs to produce the plurality of modified PBMCs by passing a cell suspension comprising the plurality of input PBMCs through a cell-deforming constriction, thereby causing perturbations of the input PBMCs such that the antigen and/or the first adjuvant enters the input PBMCs through the perturbations when contacted with the input PBMCs.
5. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 2 , which have been further incubated with an agent that enhances the viability and/or function of the modified PBMCs as compared to corresponding modified PBMCs that have not been further incubated with the agent that enhances the viability and/or function of the modified PBMCs.
6. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 3 , wherein the diameter of the cell-deforming constriction is about 10% to about 99% of the mean diameter of the plurality of input PBMCs.
7. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 3 , wherein the diameter of the cell-deforming constriction is: (a) about 4.2 μm to about 6 μm; (b) about 4.2 μm to about 4.8 μm; or (c) about 4.5 μm.
8. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 3 , wherein the cell suspension comprising the plurality of input PBMCs is passed through multiple cell-deforming constrictions wherein the multiple cell-deforming constrictions are arranged in series and/or in parallel.
9. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of modified PBMCs have been incubated with the adjuvant for about 4 hours to about 10 hours; or for about 4 hours to about 6 hours; or for about 4 hours.
10. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 2 , wherein the first adjuvant and/or second adjuvant comprises a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), LPS, IFN-α, STING agonists, RIG-I agonists, poly I:C, R837, R848, a TLR3 agonist, a TLR4 agonist, or a TLR 9 agonist.
11. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 10 , wherein the first and/or second adjuvant is a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN).
12. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 2 , wherein the antigen comprises a disease-associated antigen, an infectious disease antigen, or a cancer antigen.
13. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 12 , wherein: (i) the disease-associated antigen is a human papillomavirus (HPV) antigen or (ii) the infectious disease antigen is a hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigen.
14. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 2 , which exhibit increased expression of:
(a) one or more co-stimulatory molecules; and/or
(b) one or more cytokines;
as compared to a corresponding plurality of non-conditioned modified PBMCs.
15. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 14 , wherein:
(a) the one or more co-stimulatory molecules comprise B7-H2 (ICOSL), B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), CD70, LIGHT, HVEM, CD40, 4-1BBL, OX40L, TL1A, GITRL, CD30L, TIM4, SLAM, CD48, CD58, CD155, or CD112; and/or
(b) the one or more cytokines comprise IL-15, IL-12, IL-2, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1β, IP-10, TNF-α, or IL-21.
16. A composition comprising the conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 2 .
17. A method for stimulating an immune response in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual the conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 1 , and wherein after the administration, an immune response against the antigen is stimulated in the individual.
18. A method for stimulating an immune response in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual the conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 2 , and wherein after the administration, an immune response against the antigen is stimulated in the individual.
19. The method of claim 17 , further comprising administering an additional agent to the individual.
20. The method of claim 18 , further comprising administering an additional agent to the individual.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the additional agent comprises:
(a) a cytokine;
(b) an immune checkpoint inhibitor; and/or
(c) a therapeutic agent.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein:
(a) the cytokine is IL-2;
(b) the immune checkpoint inhibitor is targeted to any one of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG3, VISTA, and TIM-3; and/or
(c) the therapeutic agent is a chemotherapeutic agent.
23. A method for generating a conditioned plurality of PBMCs comprising an antigen intracellularly, comprising incubating a plurality of PBMCs with an adjuvant for about 4 hours to less than 24 hours to condition the plurality of PBMCs such that the conditioned plurality of PBMCs are capable of inducing an in vivo T cell immune response, wherein the in vivo T cell immune response is at least about 2-fold greater than that induced by corresponding non-conditioned plurality of PBMCs, and wherein the antigen is intracellularly delivered to the plurality of PBMCs before or after the incubating.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the antigen is intracellularly delivered to the plurality of PBMCs by passing a cell suspension comprising the plurality of PBMCs through a cell-deforming constriction, thereby causing perturbations of the PBMCs such that the antigen enters the PBMCs through the perturbations when contacted with the PBMCs.
25. The method of claim 23 , wherein the adjuvant comprises a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), LPS, IFN-α, STING agonists, RIG-I agonists, poly I:C, R837, R848, a TLR3 agonist, a TLR4 agonist, or a TLR 9 agonist.
26. The method of claim 23 , wherein the antigen comprises a disease-associated antigen, an infectious disease antigen, or a cancer antigen.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein: (i) the disease-associated antigen is a human papillomavirus (HPV) antigen or (ii) the infectious disease antigen is hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigen.
28. The method of claim 23 , wherein after the incubating, the conditioned plurality of PBMCs exhibit increased expression of: (a) one or more co-stimulatory molecules; and/or (b) one or more cytokines; as compared to a corresponding plurality of non-conditioned modified PBMCs.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein: (a) the one or more co-stimulatory molecules comprise B7-H2 (ICOSL), B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), CD70, LIGHT, HVEM, CD40, 4-1BBL, OX40L, TL1A, GITRL, CD30L, TIM4, SLAM, CD48, CD58, CD155, or CD112; and/or (b) the one or more cytokines comprise IL-15, IL-12, IL-2, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1β, IP-10, TNF-α, or IL-21.
30. The method of claim 24 , wherein the diameter of the cell-deforming constriction is about 10% to about 99% of the mean diameter of the plurality of PBMCs.
31. A composition comprising the conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 1 .
32. A method of treating a disease or disorder in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual the conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 1 .
33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the disease or disorder comprises a cancer, infectious disease, or viral-associated disease.
34. A method of treating a disease or disorder in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual the conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 2 .
35. The method of claim 34 , wherein the disease or disorder comprises a cancer, infectious disease, or viral-associated disease.
36. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 4 , wherein the diameter of the cell-deforming constriction is about 10% to about 99% of the mean diameter of the plurality of input PBMCs.
37. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 4 , wherein the diameter of the cell-deforming constriction is: (a) about 4.2 μm to about 6 μm; (b) about 4.2 μm to about 4.8 μm; or (c) about 4.5 μm.
38. The conditioned plurality of modified PBMCs of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of modified PBMCs have been incubated with the adjuvant for about 4 hours to about 10 hours; or for about 4 hours to about 6 hours; or for about 4 hours.