Anode Subassemblies for Lithium-Metal Batteries, Lithium-Metal Batteries Made Therewith, and Related Methods
Anode subassembly sheets that include a lithium-metal layer sandwiched between a pair of separator layers to ease handling of the lithium metal to promote fast and efficient stacked-jellyroll assembly. In some embodiments, the separator layers are pressure laminated to the lithium-metal layer without any bonding agent. In some embodiments, a stacked jellyroll is made by alternatingly stacking anode subassembly sheets with cathode sheets. In some embodiments, a functional coating beneficial to the lithium-metal layer is provided to one or more separator layers prior to laminating the separator(s) to the lithium metal layer. Lithium-metal batteries made using stacked jellyrolls made in accordance with aspects of the disclosure are also described.
1 . A method of making a lithium-metal battery, the method comprising:
assembling a stacked jellyroll, the assembling of the stacked jellyroll including:
providing a plurality of anode-subassembly sheets each comprising a lithium-metal layer pressure laminated between a first separator and a second separator;
providing a plurality of cathode sheets; and
alternatingly stacking the anode-subassembly sheets and the plurality of cathode sheets with one another so as to form the stacked jellyroll.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming the anode-subassembly sheets, wherein the forming includes:
forming a laminated web comprising the first separator, the lithium-metal layer, and the second separator; and
cutting the laminated web so as to form the anode-subassembly sheets.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein forming the laminated web includes contacting the first and second separators with the lithium-metal to form a multilayer structure, and applying pressure to the multilayer structure to form the laminated web.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein applying pressure to the multilayer structure includes feeding the multilayer structure through pinch rollers.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first separator includes a functional coating for the lithium-metal layer and the functional coating is in contact with the lithium-metal layer.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the functional coating includes a ceramic material.
7 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the functional coating includes lithium fluoride.
8 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the functional coating includes lithium carbonate.
9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming the anode-subassembly sheets, wherein the forming includes:
forming a laminated web comprising the first separator, the lithium-metal layer, and the second separator, wherein the first separator includes functional coating in contact with the lithium-metal layer; and
cutting the laminated web so as to form the anode-subassembly sheets.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein forming the laminated web includes contacting the first and second separators with the lithium-metal to form a multilayer structure, and applying pressure to the multilayer structure to form the laminated web.
11 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising applying the functional coating to a porous separator body so as to form the first separator.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the functional coating includes a ceramic material.
13 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the functional coating includes lithium fluoride.
14 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the functional coating includes lithium carbonate.
15 . The method of claim 10 , wherein applying pressure to the multilayer structure includes feeding the multilayer structure through pinch rollers.
16 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising placing the stacked jellyroll in an interior of a casing.
17 . The method of claim 16 , further comprising adding an electrolyte to the interior of the casing and sealing the casing.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the lithium-metal layer has a thickness less than 20 microns.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the lithium-metal layer has a thickness less than 10 microns.
20 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising a current-collector layer embedded in the lithium-metal layer so that lithium metal is present on both sides of the current-collector layer.