Light extracting substrate for organic light emitting diode
A light extraction substrate includes a glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface. A first light extraction region can be defined on and/or adjacent the first surface. The first light extraction region includes nanoparticles. A second light extraction region can be defined on at least a part of the second surface. The second light extraction region has a surface roughness of at least 10 nm.
1. A method for making a light extraction substrate, comprising:
on a homogeneous glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface, providing:
a first light extraction region located in the first surface by depositing nanoparticles into the first surface; and
a second light extraction region on at least a portion of the second surface, the second light extraction region having a surface roughness of at least 10 nm,
wherein the first light extraction region and the second light extraction region provide haze in the range of 10% to 40%.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first light extraction region is formed by:
heating the first surface to decrease the viscosity of the first surface; and
directing nanoparticles at the first surface such that the nanoparticles are incorporated into the first surface.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of silver oxide, alumina, titania, cerium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silica, zirconia, and combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second light extraction region is formed by applying a coating by sol-gel or spray pyrolysis onto at least a portion of the second surface.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second light extraction region is a coating selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, zinc oxide, titania, zirconia, tin oxide, silicate coatings, and mixtures thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second light extraction region is formed by texturing the second surface.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second light extraction region has a surface roughness in the range of 50 nm to 500 nm.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing an underlayer coating stack over the first surface and depositing an anode layer over the underlayer coating stack.
9. A method for making a light extraction substrate, comprising:
providing a homogeneous glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface; and
forming a first light extraction region located in the first surface by:
heating the substrate to a temperature sufficient to soften the first surface;
directing nanoparticles toward the first surface such that the nanoparticles penetrate the first surface and become embedded in the first surface at a depth of 0 to 50 microns; and
forming a second light extraction region over the second surface, wherein the first light extraction region and the second light extraction region provide haze in the range of 10% to 40%.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the nanoparticles are directed by a carrier gas.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the second light extraction region is a coating or a textured pattern.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the second light extraction region has a surface roughness of at least 10 nm.
13. A method for making a light extraction substrate via a float glass process, comprising:
pouring a homogeneous glass melt into a float chamber having a bath of molten metal;
spreading the glass melt across the molten metal to form a glass ribbon having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and
applying coating materials directly onto the glass ribbon, wherein the coating materials diffuse into or fully penetrate the first surface of the glass ribbon forming a first extraction layer,
wherein the coating materials comprise metal oxide nanoparticles.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein when forming the first extraction layer, the glass ribbon is at a temperature in the range of 400° C. to 1,000° C.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the molten metal is tin.
16. The method of claim 13 , further comprising applying a second extraction layer onto the second surface of the glass ribbon.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the second extraction layer is formed by applying a coating by sol-gel or spray pyrolysis onto at least a portion of the second surface when the glass ribbon is at a temperature in the range of 50° C. to 600° C.
18. The method of claim 13 , further comprising applying a conductive metal oxide layer to the first surface to form an anode.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising applying an underlayer coating stack under the anode.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the anode comprises indium tin oxide or aluminum doped zinc oxide.