Anisotropic conductive dielectric layer for electrophoretic display
The present invention is directed to an electrophoretic display device comprising microcells filled with an electrophoretic fluid and a dielectric layer, which comprises a first type of magnetic filler material, a second type of nonmagnetic filler material, and a polymeric material. The first and second types of filler material physically interact with each other and they are fixed and aligned in the dielectric adhesive layer in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer exhibits anisotropic conductivity having higher conductivity in the z direction compared to the other two orthogonal directions.
1. An electrophoretic display device comprising
(a) microcells filled with an electrophoretic fluid,
(b) a dielectric layer which comprises a first type of filler material, a second type of filler material, and a polymeric material,
(c) first and second electrodes,
wherein the microcells and the dielectric layer are disposed between the first and second electrodes,
wherein at least one of the electrodes is transparent,
wherein the first type of filler material is sensitive to a magnetic field and the second type of filler material is insensitive to a magnetic field, the second type of filler material having an affinity to the first type of filler material, the affinity between the second type of filler material and the first type of filler material is physical interaction,
wherein the first type of filler material and the second types of filler material are fixed and aligned in the dielectric adhesive layer in a z direction perpendicular to a plane of the dielectric layer, and
wherein the dielectric layer exhibits anisotropic conductivity having higher conductivity in the z direction compared to the other two directions x and y, which are orthogonal to the z direction.
2. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1 , wherein the physical interaction between the second type filler material and the first type of filler material is comprises an attractive force selected from the group consisting of electrostatic, hydrogen bond, ion-dipole, ion-induced dipole, dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and van der Waal.
3. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer is a layer of a material forming the microcells, a sealing layer, an adhesive layer or a primer layer.
4. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1 , wherein the first type of filler material is selected from the group consisting of nickel particles, cobalt particles, iron particles, nickel nanowires, cobalt nanowires, iron nanowires, silver coated nickel particles, gold coated nickel particles, nickel coated carbon nanotubes, gold/nickel/graphite core-shell structure particles, and combinations thereof.
5. The electrophoretic display device of claim 3 , wherein the dielectric layer is the sealing layer or the adhesive layer.
6. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1 , further comprising a third type of filler material.
7. The electrophoretic display device of claim 6 , wherein the third type of filler material is sensitive to a magnetic field.
8. The electrophoretic display device of claim 6 , wherein the third type of filler material is insensitive to a magnetic field.
9. The electrophoretic display device of claim 7 , wherein the third type of filler material is selected from the group consisting of nickel particles, cobalt particles, iron particles, nickel nanowires, cobalt nanowires, iron nanowires, silver coated nickel particles, gold coated nickel particles, nickel coated carbon nanotubes, gold/nickel/graphite core-shell structure particles, and combinations thereof.
10. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1 , wherein the first type of filler material is conductive.
11. The electrophoretic display device of claim 10 , wherein the first type of filler material is selected from the group consisting of nickel particles, nickel nanowires, cobalt particles, cobalt nanowires, iron particles, iron nanowires, and combinations thereof.
12. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1 , wherein the first type of filler material is non-conductive.
13. The electrophoretic display device of claim 12 , wherein the first type of filler material is a compound based on nickel, cobalt or iron.
14. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1 , wherein the second type of filler material is conductive.
15. The electrophoretic display device of claim 14 , wherein the second type of filler material is selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
16. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1 , wherein the second type of filler material is non-conductive.
17. The electrophoretic display device of claim 16 , wherein the second type of filler material is clay or silica.