Propulsive drug delivery from a swallowable device into a patients intestinal tract
Embodiments of the invention provide swallowable devices, preparations, and methods for delivering drugs and other therapeutic agents within the GI tract. Particular embodiments provide a swallowable device such as a capsule for delivering drugs or other therapeutic agents (TA) into a wall of the GI tract such as the stomach or small intestine. The swallowable device comprises a sensor, a combustible propellant (CP) and a therapeutic agent preparation (TAP) comprising at least one TA. The sensor triggers the CP to ignite and propel the TAP into the wall of the GI tract in response to an external condition or change in external condition. Embodiments of the invention are particularly useful for orally delivering drugs or other TAs which are degraded within the GI tract and require parenteral injection.
1. A swallowable device for delivering a solid dosage therapeutic agent preparation to a patient, the device comprising:
a swallowable capsule having a capsule wall;
a solid dosage therapeutic agent preparation held inside the capsule;
a propulsive driver within the capsule configured to advance the solid dosage therapeutic agent preparation through the capsule wall and into a wall of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, wherein the propulsive driver comprises a combustible propellant and an igniter; and
wherein the igniter is configured to ignite the combustible propellant in response to an external condition selected from moisture, temperature, pressure, pH, and proximity to a wall of the GI tract.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the igniter is configured to ignite the combustible propellant in response to a change in the external condition.
3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor embedded in the capsule wall and coupled to the igniter, wherein the sensor senses the value of the external condition and causes the igniter to ignite the combustible propellant when a threshold value of the external condition is reached.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the sensor is electronic and produces an electrical signal representative of the sensed condition.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the igniter comprises a trigger circuit that receives the signal representative of the sensed condition from the sensor and that generates an ignition current and delivers the ignition current to the combustible propellant.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the trigger circuit includes a battery and a capacitor, wherein the battery charges the capacitor and the capacitor discharges the charge into the propellant.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the trigger circuit further includes wire filaments embedded in the propellant, wherein the wire filaments produce heat sufficient to ignite the propellant as the current is discharged from the capacitor therethrough.
8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the propellant comprises nitrocellulose.
9. The device of claim 3 , wherein the sensor comprises a mechanical or fluidic sensor element on an external region of the swallowable capsule that changes state in response to a change in the external condition.
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the igniter comprises mechanical or fluidic igniter element that responds to a change of state of the mechanical or fluidic sensor and mechanically generates energy to ignite the combustible propellant.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the propulsive driver comprises a piston and a cylinder, wherein the combustible propellant is at a bottom of the cylinder beneath the piston and the solid dosage therapeutic agent preparation is on an upper surface of the piston.
12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the propellant comprises a layer of nitrocellulose formed along the bottom of the cylinder.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein the layer of nitrocellulose comprises from 0.1 gm to 0.5 gm of nitrocellulose.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the solid dosage therapeutic agent preparation comprises an active agent compressed with at least one of an excipient or a binder into an elongate member having a tapered, sharpened, or honed tip.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein the capsule wall comprises a cylindrical shell.
16. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the capsule wall is degradable in the gastrointestinal tract.
17. The device of claim 16 , wherein at least a portion of the capsule wall is degradable in the patient's intestinal tract.
18. The device of claim 17 , wherein the at least a portion of the capsule wall degrades at a pH equal to or greater than about 6.5.
19. The device of claim 1 , wherein the solid dosage therapeutic agent preparation comprises a first solid dosage therapeutic agent preparation and a second solid dosage therapeutic agent preparation; the device further comprising:
a second propulsive driver configured to drive the second solid dosage therapeutic agent preparation in a direction different from the first solid dosage therapeutic agent preparation.
20. The device of claim 19 , wherein the propulsive driver and the second propulsive driver are configured to drive the respective first solid dosage therapeutic agent preparation and second solid dosage therapeutic agent preparation in at least two diametrically opposed directions.
21. A method for delivering a therapeutic agent into a wall of a patient's intestinal tract, the method comprising:
providing a swallowable capsule having a therapeutic agent preparation held therein;
ingesting by the patient of the swallowable capsule;
passing the capsule through an initial portion of the patient's gastrointestinal (GI) tract while maintaining the therapeutic agent preparation therein;
igniting a combustible propellant within the capsule in response to an external condition within the GI tract; and
injecting, by the ignited propellant, the therapeutic agent from the capsule into a wall of the GI tract.
22. A swallowable device for delivering a therapeutic agent preparation into an antral wall of a patient's stomach, the device comprising:
a capsule sized to pass through the patient's gastrointestinal tract, the capsule having a wall including opposed side portions and opposed end portions, the capsule having an elongated shape and being configured to longitudinally orient within the stomach at the antral wall during a peristaltic contraction of the stomach such that a side portion of the capsule wall is adjacent a wall of the antrum;
a therapeutic preparation in the capsule, the preparation comprising a therapeutic agent and shaped as a tissue-penetrating member;
a sensor disposed in a side wall portion of the capsule wall, the sensor configured to sense a condition external to the capsule and generate an electrical output in response to sensing an external condition corresponding to a peristaltic contraction of the stomach;
an ejector operatively coupled to the tissue-penetrating member and responsive to the output from the sensor, the ejector configured to trigger combustion of a propellant to eject the tissue-penetrating member through the capsule into the antral wall; and
a logic circuit configured to analyze the electrical output from the sensor and generate a trigger signal when a change in the external condition is detected.