Moving and storing energy between utility's energy delivery networks

1. A method for controlling energy delivery networks that deliver forms of energy, comprising the steps of:

controlling a hydrolyzer that: consumes electricity delivered by an electrical grid, produces hydrogen therefrom, and injects the produced hydrogen into a natural gas pipeline network;

controlling a gas-to-electricity energy converter that: consumes any one of (i) natural gas, or (ii) hydrogen and natural gas from the natural gas pipeline network, produces electricity therefrom, and provides the produced electricity into the electrical grid or another electrical grid; and

coordinating the controlling of the hydrolyzer and the controlling of the gas-to-electricity energy converter, the coordinating comprising:

receiving data characterizing an operational state and operational target, wherein the operational target comprises causing a net shift of energy based on seasons;

determining a deviation between the operational state and the operational target;

computing a first operational setpoint of the electrical grid and a second operational setpoint of the natural gas pipeline network based on the deviation and the operational target; and

controlling the operation of the hydrolyzer and the gas-to-electricity energy converter based on the first operational setpoint and the second operational setpoint, comprising:

controlling one or both of the hydrolyzer and the gas-to-electricity energy converter to cause a net shift of electricity to gas during a first season, and

controlling one or both of the hydrolyzer and the gas-to-electricity energy converter to cause a net shift of gas to electricity during a second season.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical grid is not directly coupled to the other electrical grid.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coordinating addresses:

oversupply of electricity from one or both of the electrical grid and the other electrical grid by controlling the hydrolyzer to produce additional hydrogen using the oversupply of electricity and inject the additional hydrogen to the natural gas pipeline network; and

undersupply of electricity from one or both of the electrical grid and the other electrical grid by controlling the gas-to-electricity energy converter to produce electricity using gas from the natural gas pipeline network and providing the electricity to one or both of the electrical grid and the other electrical grid.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical grid has no intrinsic storage and the natural gas pipeline network has intrinsic storage, wherein the intrinsic storage of a bulk energy delivery network in respect of an energy form is its inherent capability to store such energy form within its network infrastructure or the medium of energy transfer itself.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coordinating addresses:

oversupply of gas from the natural gas pipeline network by controlling the gas-to-electricity energy converter to produce additional electricity using the oversupply of gas and provide the additional electricity to one or both of the electrical grid and the other electrical grid; and

undersupply of gas from the natural gas pipeline network by controlling the hydrolyzer to produce hydrogen using electricity from one or both of the electrical grid and the other electrical grid and injecting the hydrogen to the natural gas pipeline network.

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising supplying oxygen gas to a consumer, wherein the hydrolyzer produces the oxygen gas as a byproduct of consuming electricity and producing hydrogen.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein computing the first operational setpoint and the second operational setpoint comprises:

determining a program for the first operational setpoint and the second operational setpoint, the program including one or more constraints; and

determining a feasible solution of the program, wherein:

at least one of the one or more constraints includes the operational target and the operational state, and

the feasible solution includes the first operational setpoint and the second operational setpoint.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the program includes any one of: (i) a linear program, (ii) an integer program, (iii) a mixed integer linear program, (iv) a quadratic program, (v) a neural network program, (vi) a dynamic program, (vii) an analytic program, or (viii) any combination of (i)-(vii).

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first season is summer and the second season is winter.

10. A system for controlling energy delivery networks that deliver forms of energy, the system comprising:

a hydrolyzer operable to:

consume electricity delivered by a first bulk energy delivery network comprising an electrical grid;

produce hydrogen using the consumed electricity; and

inject the produced hydrogen into a second bulk energy delivery network comprising a natural gas pipeline;

a gas-to-electricity energy converter operable to:

consume any one of (i) natural gas, or (ii) hydrogen and natural gas from the second bulk energy delivery network;

produce electricity using the consumed gas; and

provide the produced electricity into the first bulk energy delivery network or a third bulk energy delivery network suitable for the electricity; and

a controller operable to coordinate the transfer of energy between the first bulk energy delivery network and the second bulk energy delivery network by controlling one or both of the hydrolyzer and the gas-to-electricity energy converter, comprising to:

receive data characterizing an operational state and operational target, wherein the operational target comprises causing a net shift of energy based on seasons;

determine a deviation between the operational state and the operational target; compute a first operational setpoint of the first bulk energy delivery network and a second operational setpoint of the second bulk energy delivery network based on the deviation and the operational target; and

control the operation of the hydrolyzer and the gas-to-electricity energy converter based on the first operational setpoint and the second operational setpoint, comprising to:

control one or both of the hydrolyzer and the gas-to-electricity energy converter to cause a net shift of electricity to gas during a first season, and

control one or both of the hydrolyzer and the gas-to-electricity energy converter to cause a net shift of gas to electricity during a second season.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the controller is further operable to:

determine a second operational state of the second bulk energy delivery network;

determine a second operational target of the second bulk energy delivery network; and

control one or both of the hydrolyzer and the gas-to-electricity energy converter based on one or both of the second operational state and the second operational target.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the second operational target comprises a transmission of energy across long geographical distances, wherein the controller controls the hydrolyzer to cause a transfer energy from the first bulk energy delivery network to the second bulk energy delivery network to meet the second operational target.

13. The system of claim 10 , further comprising an energy buffer operable to store electricity delivered by one or both of the first bulk energy delivery network and the third bulk energy delivery network, wherein the hydrolyzer is further operable to:

consume electricity stored by the energy buffer;

produce hydrogen using the electricity stored by the energy buffer; and

provide the hydrogen produced using the electricity stored by the energy buffer into the second bulk energy delivery network.

14. The system of claim 10 , further comprising an energy buffer operable to store gas delivered by the second bulk energy delivery network, wherein the gas-to-electricity energy converter is further operable to:

consume gas stored by the energy buffer;

produce electricity using the gas stored by the energy buffer; and

provide the electricity produced using the gas stored by the energy buffer into one or both of the first bulk energy delivery network and the third bulk energy delivery network.

15. The system of claim 10 , wherein to compute the first operational setpoint and the second operational setpoint comprises to:

determine a program for the first operational setpoint and the second operational setpoint, the program including one or more constraints; and

determine a feasible solution of the program, wherein:

at least one of the one or more constraints includes the operational target and the operational state,

the program includes any one of (i) a linear program, (ii) an integer program, (iii) a mixed integer linear program, (iv) a quadratic program, (v) a neural network program, (vi) a dynamic program, (vii) an analytic program, or (viii) any combination of (i)-(vii), and

the feasible solution includes the first operational setpoint and the second operational setpoint.

16. The system of claim 10 , wherein the first season is summer and the second season is winter.

17. A computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:

control a hydrolyzer that: consumes electricity delivered by an electrical grid, produces hydrogen therefrom, and injects the produced gas into a natural gas pipeline network;

control a gas-to-electricity energy converter that consumes any one of (i) natural gas, or (ii) hydrogen and natural gas from the natural gas pipeline network, produces electricity therefrom, and provides the produced electricity into the electrical grid or another electrical grid; and

coordinate the controlling of the hydrolyzer and the controlling of the gas-to-electricity energy converter, comprising to:

receive data characterizing an operational state and operational target, wherein the operational target comprises causing a net shift of energy based on seasons;

determine a deviation between the operational state and the operational target;

compute a first operational setpoint of the electrical grid and a second operational setpoint of the natural gas pipeline network based on the deviation and the operational target; and

control the operation of the hydrolyzer and the gas-to-electricity energy converter based on the first operational setpoint and the second operational setpoint, comprising to:

control one or both of the hydrolyzer and the gas-to-electricity energy converter to cause a net shift of electricity to gas during a first season, and

control one or both of the hydrolyzer and the gas-to-electricity energy converter to cause a net shift of gas to electricity during a second season.

18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 17 , wherein determining the first operational setpoint is based on:

a measurement of the electrical grid;

a target of the electrical grid;

a constraint of the electrical grid; or

a combination thereof.

19. The computer readable storage medium of claim 17 , wherein determining the second operational setpoint is based on:

a measurement of the natural gas pipeline network;

a target of the natural gas pipeline network;

a constraint of the natural gas pipeline network; or

a combination thereof.

20. The computer readable storage medium of claim 17 , wherein the first season is summer and the second season is winter.