Compositions and methods that modulate bacteria in a companion animal
A specific bacterium in a companion animal can be improved by adjusting the diet of the animal to increase the amount of a compound which positively or negatively modulates the specific type of bacterium or to decrease the amount of a compound which positively or negatively modulates the specific type of bacterium. The specific type of bacterium can be one or more of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus , or Clostridium perfringens.
1. A pet food composition comprising protein, carbohydrates, fat, fiber, and at least three distinct metabolites selected from the group consisting of campesterol, 7-ketodeoxycholate, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 3-dehydrocarnitine, 12-dehydrocholate, chenodeoxycholate, 3-dehydrocholate, cholate, 15-methylpalmitate, 3-phenylpropionate (hydrocinnamate), mannitol, indoleacetate, dihomo-linolenate 20:3n3, dihomo-linoleate 20:2n6, arachidonate 20:4n6, adrenate 22:4n6, mannose, 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), eicosenoate 20:1n9, eicosenoate 20:1n11, docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), palmitoyl sphingomyelin, glycerate, linoleate 18:2n6, alpha linolenate 18:3n3, gamma linolenate 18:3n6, 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol, stearate 18:0, palmitate 16:0, glycolate (hydroxyacetate), stachydrine, pantothenate, docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), phenylalanine and mixtures thereof,
wherein the at least three distinct metabolites are present in amounts that are at least one of (i) 0.01 wt. % to 10 wt. % of the pet food composition or (ii) 1 IU to 500,000 IU per kilogram of the pet food composition.
2. The pet food composition of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the at least three distinct metabolites is selected from the group consisting of campesterol, 7-ketodeoxycholate, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 3-dehydrocarnitine, 12-dehydrocholate, and mixtures thereof.
3. The pet food composition of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the at least three distinct metabolites is selected from the group consisting of 3-phenylpropionate (hydrocinnamate), 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, mannitol, and mixtures thereof.
4. The pet food composition of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the at least three distinct metabolites is selected from the group consisting of consisting of dihomo-linoleate 20:2n6, arachidonate 20:4n6, adrenate 22:4n6, mannose, 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), eicosenoate 20:1n9, eicosenoate 20:1n11, docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), palmitoyl sphingomyelin, glycerate, linolenate [alpha or gamma; (18:3n3 or 6)], dihomo-linolenate 20:3n3, dihomo-linoleate 20:2n6, and mixtures thereof.
5. The pet food composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least four distinct metabolites selected from the group.
6. The pet food composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least five distinct metabolites selected from the group.
7. The pet food composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least six distinct metabolites selected from the group.
8. The pet food composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least seven distinct metabolites selected from the group.
9. The pet food composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least eight distinct metabolites selected from the group.
10. The pet food composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least nine distinct metabolites selected from the group.
11. The pet food composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least twelve distinct metabolites selected from the group.