Building materials comprising agglomerated particles
Roofing granules comprising agglomerated inorganic material, and building materials, such as shingles, that include such roofing granules. By fabricating roofing granules from agglomerating inorganic material it is possible to tailor the particle size distribution so as to provide optimal shingle surface coverage, thus reducing shingle weight and usage of raw materials. Additionally, the use of agglomeration permits the utilization of by-products from conventional granule production processes.
1. A method comprising:
obtaining (a) a plurality of fragments of at least one of a rock, a mineral, or a combination thereof and (b) a binder, wherein the plurality of fragments of the at least one of a rock, a mineral, or a combination thereof comprises fragments having a particle size passing US Mesh 100 but retained by US Mesh 270; and
mixing (a) the plurality of fragments of the at least one of a rock, a mineral, or a combination thereof and (b) the binder to produce an unsintered agglomerated particle that is formed by agglomerating together the plurality of fragments and the binder, the unsintered agglomerated particle being configured to be applied to a sheet to form a roofing product,
wherein the at least one of a rock, a mineral, or a combination thereof comprises at least one of basalt, metabasalt, andesite, rhyolite, or a combination thereof,
wherein the unsintered agglomerated particle is substantially spherical, and
wherein the binder is present in the unsintered agglomerated particle in an amount of 2 wt % to 8 wt %.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the roofing product is a shingle or roll roofing.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binder is at least one of sodium silicate, gypsum, or a combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agglomerated particle has a coating comprising silicate and clay.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixing uses a pin mixer.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising pelletizing the agglomerated particle.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising drying the agglomerated particle.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of a rock, a mineral, or a combination thereof comprises basalt.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of a rock, a mineral, or a combination thereof comprises metabasalt.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of a rock, a mineral, or a combination thereof comprises andesite.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of a rock, a mineral, or a combination thereof comprises rhyolite.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binder comprises gypsum.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agglomerated particle has a coating comprising silicate and clay, and
wherein the at least one of a rock, a mineral, or a combination thereof is basalt.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binder is present in the unsintered agglomerated particle in an amount of 2 wt % to 6 wt %.
15. A method comprising:
obtaining (a) a plurality of fragments of at least one of a rock, a mineral, or combination thereof and (b) a binder, wherein the plurality of fragments of the at least one of a rock, a mineral, or a combination thereof comprises fragments having a particle size passing US Mesh 100 but retained by US Mesh 270; and
mixing, using a pin mixer, the plurality of fragments of the at least one of a rock, a mineral, or a combination thereof and the binder to produce an agglomerated particle that is formed by agglomerating together the plurality of fragments and the binder, the agglomerated particle being configured to be applied in unsintered form to a sheet to form a roofing product,
wherein the at least one of a rock, a mineral, or a combination thereof comprises at least one of basalt, metabasalt, andesite, rhyolite, or a combination thereof,
wherein the binder is present in the agglomerated particle in an amount of 2 wt % to 8 wt %, and
wherein the agglomerated particle is substantially spherical,
wherein a plurality of the agglomerated particles are obtained by the method, and
wherein, when wt % is assessed with respect to a total weight of the agglomerated particles,
(A) the agglomerated particles have a particle size distribution comprising (1) at least about 10 wt % retained by US Mesh 50 after passing US Mesh 40, (2) at least about 5 wt % retained by US Mesh 60 after passing US Mesh 50, and (3) at least about 5 wt % retained by US Mesh 100 after passing US Mesh 70; or
(B) the agglomerated particles have a particle size distribution comprising (1) at least about 40 wt % retained by US Mesh 16 after passing US Mesh 12, (2) at least about 30 wt % retained by US Mesh 20 after passing US Mesh 16, and (3) at least about 20 wt % retained by US Mesh 30 after passing US Mesh 20; or
(C) the agglomerated particles have a particle size distribution comprising (1) at least about 1 wt % retained by US Mesh 20 after passing US Mesh 16, (2) at least about 40 wt % retained by US Mesh 30 after passing US Mesh 20, and (3) at least about 2 wt % retained by US Mesh 40 after passing US Mesh 30.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the agglomerated particles have a particle size distribution comprising (1) at least about 20 wt % retained by US Mesh 50 after passing US Mesh 40, (2) at least about 10 wt % retained by US Mesh 60 after passing US Mesh 50, and (3) at least about 10 wt % retained by US Mesh 100 after passing US Mesh 70.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the agglomerated particles have a particle size distribution comprising (1) at least about 30 wt % retained by US Mesh 50 after passing US Mesh 40, (2) at least about 20 wt % retained by US Mesh 60 after passing US Mesh 50, and (3) at least about 20 wt % retained by US Mesh 100 after passing US Mesh 70.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the agglomerated particles have a particle size distribution comprising (1) at least about 40 wt % retained by US Mesh 16 after passing US Mesh 12, (2) at least about 30 wt % retained by US Mesh 20 after passing US Mesh 16, and (3) at least about 20 wt % retained by US Mesh 30 after passing US Mesh 20.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the agglomerated particles have a particle size distribution comprising (1) at least about 2 wt % retained by US Mesh 20 after passing US Mesh 16, (2) at least about 50 wt % retained by US Mesh 30 after passing US Mesh 20, and (3) at least about 10 wt % retained by US Mesh 40 after passing US Mesh 30.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the agglomerated particles have a particle size distribution comprising (1) at least about 5 wt % retained by US Mesh 20 after passing US Mesh 16, (2) at least about 60 wt % retained by US Mesh 30 after passing US Mesh 20, and (3) at least about 20 wt % retained by US Mesh 40 after passing US Mesh 30.
21. The method of claim 15 , wherein the binder is at least one of sodium silicate, gypsum, or a combination thereof.
22. The method of claim 15 , wherein the agglomerated particle has a coating comprising silicate and clay.
23. The method of claim 15 , further comprising drying the agglomerated particles.
24. The method of claim 15 , wherein the at least one of a rock, a mineral, or a combination thereof comprises metabasalt.
25. The method of claim 15 , wherein the binder is present in the unsintered agglomerated particle in an amount of 2 wt % to 6 wt %.