Multi-stream data collection system for noninvasive measurement of blood constituents
The present disclosure relates to noninvasive methods, devices, and systems for measuring various blood constituents or analytes, such as glucose. In an embodiment, a light source comprises LEDs and super-luminescent LEDs. The light source emits light at at least wavelengths of about 1610 nm, about 1640 nm, and about 1665 nm. In an embodiment, the detector comprises a plurality of photodetectors arranged in a special geometry comprising one of a substantially linear substantially equal spaced geometry, a substantially linear substantially non-equal spaced geometry, and a substantially grid geometry.
1. A physiological measurement system comprising:
a physiological sensor device comprising:
one or more emitters configured to emit light into tissue of a user;
a first set of photodiodes, wherein:
the first set of photodiodes comprises at least four photodiodes,
the photodiodes of the first set of photodiodes are connected to one another in parallel to provide a first signal stream, and
each of the photodiodes of the first set of photodiodes has a corresponding window that allows light to pass through to the photodiode;
a second set of photodiodes, wherein:
the second set of photodiodes comprises at least four photodiodes,
the photodiodes of the second set of photodiodes are connected to one another in parallel to provide a second signal stream, and
each of the photodiodes of the second set of photodiodes has a corresponding window that allows light to pass through to the photodiode;
a wall that surrounds at least the first and second sets of photodiodes; and
a cover comprising a protruding convex surface, wherein the protruding convex surface is above all of the photodiodes of the first and second sets of photodiodes, wherein at least a portion of the protruding convex surface is rigid, and wherein the cover is above the wall; and
a handheld computing device in wireless communication with the physiological sensor device, wherein the handheld computing device comprises:
one or more processors configured to wirelessly receive one or more signals from the physiological sensor device, the one or more signals responsive to at least a physiological parameter of the user;
a touch-screen display configured to provide a user interface, wherein:
the user interface is configured to display indicia responsive to measurements of the physiological parameter, and
an orientation of the user interface is configurable responsive to a user input; and
a storage device configured to at least temporarily store at least the measurements of the physiological parameter.
2. The physiological measurement system of claim 1 , wherein the physiological sensor device further comprises:
preprocessing electronics configured to preprocess at least one of the first signal stream or the second signal stream.
3. The physiological measurement system of claim 2 , wherein the preprocessing comprises adapting the at least one of the first signal stream or the second signal stream.
4. The physiological measurement system of claim 3 , wherein the preprocessing further comprises amplifying the at least one of the first signal stream or the second signal stream.
5. The physiological measurement system of claim 4 , wherein the preprocessing further comprises converting the at least one of the first signal stream or the second signal stream from analog to digital.
6. The physiological measurement system of claim 2 , wherein the preprocessing electronics comprise at least:
a first amplifier configured to receive the first signal stream from the first set of photodiodes at an input of the first amplifier and at least amplify the first signal stream, and
a second amplifier configured to receive the second signal stream from the second set of photodiodes at an input of the second amplifier and at least amplify the second signal stream.
7. The physiological measurement system of claim 6 , wherein the protruding convex surface is configured to be located between tissue of the user and the photodiodes of the first and second sets of photodiodes when the physiological measurement device is worn by the user, and wherein at least part of the protruding convex surface is light permeable to allow light to reach at least one of the photodiodes of the first or second sets of photodiodes.
8. The physiological measurement system of claim 7 , wherein the physiological sensor device further comprises:
an at least partially opaque layer blocking one or more optical paths to at least one of the photodiodes of the first set of photodiodes or the second set of photodiodes, wherein the at least partially opaque layer comprises the windows that allow light to pass through to the corresponding photodiodes.
9. The physiological measurement system of claim 8 , wherein the physiological sensor device further comprises:
a substrate having a first surface, wherein the photodiodes of the first set of photodiodes and the photodiodes of the second set of photodiodes are arranged on the first surface.
10. The physiological measurement system of claim 9 , wherein:
the wall surrounds at least the first set of photodiodes and the second set of photodiodes on the first surface,
the wall operably connects to the substrate on one side of the wall, and
the wall operably connects to the cover on an opposing side of the wall.
11. The physiological measurement system of claim 10 , wherein a surface of the handheld computing device positions the touch-screen display.
12. The physiological measurement system of claim 11 , wherein the physiological parameter comprises at least one of: pulse rate, glucose, oxygen, oxygen saturation, methemoglobin, total hemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, or carbon monoxide.
13. The physiological measurement system of claim 12 , wherein the protruding convex surface protrudes a height between 1 millimeter and 3 millimeters.
14. The physiological measurement system of claim 12 , wherein at least one of the photodiodes is configured to receive light that has been attenuated by tissue of the user.
15. The physiological measurement system of claim 14 , wherein a portion of the physiological sensor device comprises one of at least two sizes, the two sizes intended to be appropriate for larger users and smaller users.
16. The physiological measurement system of claim 14 , wherein at least the photodiodes of the first set of photodiodes are arranged such that a first photodiode and a second photodiode of the first set of photodiodes are arranged across from each other on opposite sides of a central point along a first axis, and a third photodiode and a fourth photodiode of the first set of photodiodes are arranged across from each other on opposite sides of the central point along a second axis which is different from the first axis.
17. The physiological measurement system of claim 14 , wherein the protruding convex surface protrudes a height greater than 2 millimeters and less than 3 millimeters.
18. The physiological measurement system of claim 17 , wherein the attenuated light is reflected by the tissue.
19. The physiological measurement system of claim 1 , wherein the handheld computing device comprises a mobile phone.
20. A physiological measurement system comprising:
a physiological sensor device comprising:
one or more emitters configured to emit light into tissue of a user;
a first set of photodiodes, the first set of photodiodes comprising at least four photodiodes, the photodiodes of the first set of photodiodes connected to one another in parallel to provide a first signal stream; wherein each of the photodiodes of the first set of photodiodes has a corresponding window that allows light to pass through to the photodiode;
a second set of photodiodes, the second set of photodiodes comprising at least four photodiodes, the photodiodes of the second set of photodiodes connected to one another in parallel to provide a second signal stream, wherein each of the photodiodes of the second set of photodiodes has a corresponding window that allows light to pass through to the photodiode; and
a protruding convex surface, wherein the protruding convex surface is positioned such that the protruding convex surface is located between tissue of the user and the photodiodes of the first and second sets of photodiodes when the physiological sensor device is worn by the user; and
a handheld computing device in wireless communication with the physiological sensor device.
21. The physiological measurement system of claim 20 , wherein the handheld computing device comprises a mobile phone.
22. The physiological measurement system of claim 20 further comprising:
preprocessing electronics comprising at least:
a first amplifier configured to receive the first signal stream at an input of the first amplifier and at least amplify the first signal stream, and
a second amplifier configured to receive the second signal stream at an input of the second amplifier and at least amplify the second signal stream.
23. The physiological measurement system of claim 22 , wherein the preprocessing electronics are further configured to convert at least one of the first signal stream or the second signal stream from analog to digital.
24. The physiological measurement system of claim 23 , wherein the handheld computing device comprises:
one or more processors configured to wirelessly receive one or more signals from the physiological sensor device, the one or more signals responsive to at least a physiological parameter of the user;
a touch-screen display configured to provide a user interface, wherein the user interface is configured to display indicia responsive to measurements of the physiological parameter; and
a storage device configured to at least temporarily store at least the measurements of the physiological parameter.
25. The physiological measurement system of claim 24 , wherein at least part of the protruding convex surface is light permeable to allow light to reach at least one of the photodiodes of the first or second sets of photodiodes, and wherein the physiological sensor device further comprises:
an at least partially opaque layer blocking one or more optical paths to at least one of the photodiodes of the first set of photodiodes and at least one of the photodiodes of the second set of photodiodes, wherein the at least partially opaque layer comprises the windows that allow light to pass through to the corresponding photodiodes.
26. The physiological measurement system of claim 25 , wherein the physiological sensor device further comprises:
a wall that surrounds at least the first and second sets of photodiodes; and
a substrate having a first surface, wherein the photodiodes of the first set of photodiodes and the photodiodes of the second set of photodiodes are arranged on the first surface, wherein the wall surrounds at least the first set of photodiodes and the second set of photodiodes on the first surface; and
a cover comprising the protruding convex surface, wherein:
the wall operably connects to the substrate on one side of the wall, and
the wall operably connects to the cover on an opposing side of the wall.
27. The physiological measurement system of claim 26 , wherein a surface of the handheld computing device positions the touch-screen display.
28. The physiological measurement system of claim 27 , wherein the physiological parameter comprises at least one of: pulse rate, glucose, oxygen, oxygen saturation, methemoglobin, total hemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, carbon monoxide, or a state or trend of wellness of the user.
29. The physiological measurement system of claim 28 , wherein the protruding convex surface protrudes a height greater than 2 millimeters and less than 3 millimeters.
30. A physiological measurement system comprising:
a physiological sensor device comprising:
one or more emitters configured to emit light into tissue of a user;
a substrate having a first surface;
a first set of photodiodes arranged on the first surface, wherein:
the first set of photodiodes comprises at least four photodiodes,
the photodiodes of the first set of photodiodes are connected to one another in parallel to provide a first signal stream, and
each of the photodiodes of the first set of photodiodes has a corresponding window that allows light to pass through to the photodiode;
a second set of photodiodes arranged on the first surface, wherein:
the second set of photodiodes comprises at least four photodiodes,
the photodiodes of the second set of photodiodes are connected to one another in parallel to provide a second signal stream, and
each of the photodiodes of the second set of photodiodes has a corresponding window that allows light to pass through to the photodiode;
a cover comprising a protruding convex surface, wherein:
the protruding convex surface is above all of the photodiodes of the first and second sets of photodiodes,
at least a portion of the protruding convex surface is rigid,
the cover is above the wall, and
the protruding convex surface is configured to be located between tissue of the user and the photodiodes of the first and second sets of photodiodes when the physiological measurement device is worn by the user;
a wall that surrounds at least the first and second sets of photodiodes on the first surface, wherein:
the wall operably connects to the substrate on one side of the wall, and
the wall operably connects to the cover on an opposing side of the wall; and
preprocessing electronics configured to preprocess at least one of the first signal stream or the second signal stream, wherein the preprocessing electronics comprise at least:
a first amplifier configured to receive the first signal stream from the first set of photodiodes at an input of the first amplifier and at least amplify the first signal stream, and
a second amplifier configured to receive the second signal stream from the second set of photodiodes at an input of the second amplifier and at least amplify the second signal stream; and
a handheld computing device in wireless communication with the physiological sensor device, wherein the handheld computing device comprises:
one or more processors configured to wirelessly receive one or more signals from the physiological sensor device, the one or more signals responsive to at least a physiological parameter of the user, wherein the physiological parameter comprises at least one of: pulse rate, glucose, oxygen, oxygen saturation, methemoglobin, total hemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, or carbon monoxide;
a touch-screen display configured to provide a user interface, wherein the user interface is configured to display indicia responsive to measurements of the physiological parameter; and
a storage device configured to at least temporarily store at least the measurements of the physiological parameter.