Ultrasonic additive manufacturing of cladded amorphous metal products
An embodiment relates to an ultrasonic additive manufacturing process, comprising joining a foil comprising a bulk metallic glass to a substrate; and forming a cladded composite comprising the foil and the substrate; wherein a thickness of the cladded composite is greater than a critical casting thickness of the bulk metallic glass, wherein the cladded composite comprises a cladding layer of the bulk metallic glass on the substrate and the bulk metallic glass comprises approximately 0% crystallinity, approximately 0% porosity, less than 50 MPa thermal stress, approximately 0% distortion, approximately 0 inch heat affected zone, approximately 0% dilution, and a strength of about 2,000-3,500 MPa.
1. An ultrasonic additive manufacturing process, comprising:
joining a foil comprising a bulk metallic glass to a substrate; and
forming a cladded composite comprising the foil and the substrate;
wherein a thickness of the cladded composite is greater than a critical casting thickness of the bulk metallic glass; and wherein the bulk metallic glass and the substrate have an interface; wherein the interface has no Kikuchi pattern.
2. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the cladded composite is greater than the critical casting thickness of the bulk metallic glass by a factor of at least 15.
3. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonic additive manufacturing process comprises an amplitude in range of 30 μm to 40 μm and a travel speed in range of 50 inch per minute to 150 inch per minute.
4. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein no interlayer is between the bulk metallic glass and the substrate.
5. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the interface is amorphous.
6. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , further comprising:
making the foil;
modifying a surface of the foil;
optionally removing a surface oxide layer of the foil; and
forming a nascent contact of the foil with the substrate.
7. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 1 , wherein the cladded composite comprises a cladding layer of the bulk metallic glass; wherein the bulk metallic glass comprises approximately 0-10% crystallinity, no porosity, less than 50 MPa thermal stress, no heat affected zone, no dilution, and a bond strength of about 2,000-3,500 MPa.
8. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 7 , wherein the bulk metallic glass comprises Zr, Cu; wherein the substrate comprises steel, aluminum or titanium.
9. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 8 , wherein the bulk metallic glass further comprises Ni, Al.
10. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 9 , wherein the cladding layer comprises a foil having a foil thickness of about 20-300 μm and the cladding layer has a thickness of about 0.02 mm to 5 mm.
11. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 10 , wherein the cladding layer comprises multiple sheets of the foil.
12. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 7 , wherein the bulk metallic glass comprises Zr, Ti; wherein the substrate comprises steel, aluminum or titanium.
13. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 12 , wherein the cladding layer comprises a foil having a foil thickness of about 20-300 μm and the cladding layer has a thickness of about 0.02 mm to 5 mm.
14. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 13 , wherein the cladding layer comprises a foil having a foil thickness of about 20-300 μm; wherein the cladding layer has a thickness of about 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm.
15. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 7 , wherein the cladded composite comprises a bond layer between the substrate and the cladding layer.
16. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 7 , wherein the bulk metallic glass comprises Ni, C; wherein the substrate comprises steel, aluminum or titanium.
17. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 16 , wherein the cladding layer comprises a foil having a foil thickness of about 20-300 μm and the cladding layer has a thickness of about 0.02 mm to 5 mm.
18. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 17 , wherein the bulk metallic glass further comprises P or Si.
19. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 7 , wherein the bulk metallic glass comprises Fe, Co; wherein the substrate comprises steel, aluminum or titanium.
20. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing process of claim 19 , wherein the bulk metallic glass further comprises Mo, B, Si, wherein the cladding layer comprises a foil having a foil thickness of about 20-300 μm and the cladding layer has a thickness of about 0.03 mm to 5 mm.