Control of wet scrubber oxidation inhibitor and byproduct recovery
The present disclose is directed to a method for controlling iodine levels in wet scrubbers, and, in particular, recirculating wet scrubbers by removing the iodine from the scrubbing solution, such as by using ion exchange, absorption, adsorption, precipitation, filtration, solvent extraction, ion pair extraction, and an aqueous two-phase extraction.
1. A method, comprising:
contacting, upstream of a wet scrubber, a halogen-containing additive with a waste gas comprising an acid gas and elemental mercury to oxidize the elemental mercury in the waste gas and form a treated gas stream comprising a non-elemental mercury and the halogen-containing additive;
passing the treated gas stream through the wet scrubber to remove the halogen-containing additive from the waste gas and form a scrubbing solution comprising the halogen-containing additive; and
sorbing at least a portion of the halogen-containing additive on a carbonaceous material.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
contacting the halogen-containing additive with a mercury-containing feed material, wherein the waste gas is derived from the mercury-containing feed material.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
recovering the carbonaceous material comprising the sorbed at least a portion of the halogen-containing additive from the scrubbing solution; and
introducing the recovered the carbonaceous material comprising the sorbed at least a portion of the halogen-containing additive to the waste gas as the halogen-containing additive.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
separating the sorbed at least a portion of the halogen-containing additive from the carbonaceous material; and
introducing the separated at least a portion of the halogen-containing additive to the waste gas as the halogen-containing additive.
5. The method of claim 1 , recovering the carbonaceous material comprising the sorbed at least a portion of the halogen-containing additive from the scrubbing solution; and
returning the scrubbing solution to the wet scrubber and wherein the wet scrubber is a flue-gas desulfurization scrubber.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a flow of an input scrubbing solution through a first bed of carbonaceous material is stopped when a concentration of the halogen-containing additive in an output scrubbing solution is at least a predetermined threshold and/or a difference between concentrations of the halogen-containing additive in the input and output scrubbing solutions is at least a predetermined threshold.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the flow through the input scrubbing solution through the first bed of carbonaceous material is stopped automatically by a microprocessor and a flow of the output scrubbing solution through a second bed of carbonaceous material is initiated automatically by the microprocessor in response to an absolute value of the concentration of the halogen-containing additive in the output scrubbing solution reaching the at least a predetermined threshold.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material is activated carbon and wherein the carbonaceous material is introduced into a reservoir of the wet scrubber.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material is activated carbon and wherein the carbonaceous material is introduced upstream of the wet scrubber.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the scrubbing solution with one or more of an oxidizing agent and a pH-adjustor.
11. A method, comprising:
contacting, upstream of a wet scrubber, a halogen-containing additive with a waste gas comprising an acid gas and elemental mercury to form a treated gas stream comprising the acid gas, a non-elemental mercury oxidized from the elemental mercury, and at least one of an elemental halogen and a halogen-containing composition;
passing the treated gas stream through the wet scrubber to remove the at least one of the elemental halogen and the halogen-containing composition from the waste gas and form a scrubbing solution comprising the at least one of the elemental halogen and the halogen-containing composition;
sorbing at least a portion of the at least one of the elemental halogen and the halogen-containing composition on a carbonaceous material; and
recovering the carbonaceous material comprising the sorbed at least a portion of the at least one of the elemental halogen and the halogen-containing composition from the scrubbing solution wherein the recovered carbonaceous material is one or more of:
(i) introduced to the waste gas as the halogen-containing additive; and
(ii) charged to coal and, thereafter, combusted with the coal to form the waste gas.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
contacting the halogen-containing additive with a mercury-containing feed material, wherein the waste gas is derived from the mercury-containing feed material.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein after the recovering, the scrubbing solution is returned to the wet scrubber and wherein the wet scrubber is a flue-gas desulfurization scrubber.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein a flow of an input scrubbing solution through a first bed of carbonaceous material is stopped when a concentration of the at least one of the elemental halogen and the halogen-containing composition in an output scrubbing solution is at least a predetermined threshold and/or a difference between concentrations of the at least one of the elemental halogen and the halogen-containing composition in the input and output scrubbing solutions is at least a predetermined threshold.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the flow through the input scrubbing solution through the first bed of carbonaceous material is stopped automatically by a microprocessor and a flow of the output scrubbing solution through a second bed of carbonaceous material is initiated automatically by the microprocessor in response to an absolute value of the concentration of the at least one of the elemental halogen and the halogen-containing composition in the output scrubbing solution reaching the at least a predetermined threshold.
16. A method, comprising:
receiving a waste gas comprising an acid gas and at least one of an elemental halogen and a halogen-containing composition;
passing the waste gas through a wet scrubber to remove the at least one of the elemental halogen and the halogen-containing composition from the waste gas and form a scrubbing solution comprising the at least one of the elemental halogen and the halogen-containing composition;
sorbing at least a portion of the at least one of the elemental halogen and the halogen-containing composition on a carbonaceous material; and
recovering the carbonaceous material from the scrubbing solution to form a recovered carbonaceous material.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the waste gas comprises elemental mercury and further comprising:
contacting a halogen-containing additive with the waste gas upstream of the wet scrubber to oxidize the elemental mercury in the waste gas to a non-elemental mercury, wherein at least a portion of the removed at least one of the elemental halogen and the halogen-containing composition is contacted with the waste gas upstream of the wet scrubber.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:
introducing the recovered the carbonaceous material to the waste gas as the halogen-containing additive.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein after the recovering, the scrubbing solution is returned to the wet scrubber and wherein the wet scrubber is a flue-gas desulfurization scrubber.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein a flow of an input scrubbing solution through the wet scrubber is stopped automatically by a microprocessor when a concentration of the at least one of the elemental halogen and the halogen-containing composition in an output scrubbing solution is at least a predetermined threshold and/or a difference between concentrations of the at least one of the elemental halogen and the halogen-containing composition in the input and output scrubbing solutions is at least a predetermined threshold.