Self-inverting polymer emulsions
A polymer composition has been developed that provides low viscosity oil-in-water polymer emulsions that release the polymer in the emulsion at a faster rate and without an additional surfactant when the emulsion is added to a hydrocarbon stream. Use of a temperature-sensitive emulsifying surfactant facilitates inversion of the oil-in-water polymer emulsion when applied to a hydrocarbon composition at a temperature sufficiently high to destabilize the emulsion. These compositions are particularly useful as drag reducers for delivery to a subsea flowline via an umbilical line.
1. A polymer composition comprising:
an oil-in-water emulsion comprising an aqueous phase comprising water and a temperature-sensitive surfactant, and an oil phase comprising a high molecular weight oil-soluble polymer;
wherein the high molecular weight oil-soluble polymer is derived from a monomer comprising 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, or a combination thereof and has a molecular weight of from about 5,000,000 Daltons to about 50,000,000 Daltons as measured by gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) as compared to a polystyrene standard;
wherein the temperature-sensitive surfactant is a nonionic surfactant having a cloud point of equal to or less than 80° C. at a concentration of 1 wt. % actives and a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) of greater than 8;
wherein the polymer composition is free of a surfactant having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) of less than about 6; and
wherein the oil-in-water emulsion inverts to release the high molecular weight oil-soluble polymer into a hydrocarbon composition resulting in at least 10% drag reduction of the hydrocarbon composition within 15 minutes after contacting the oil-in-water emulsion with the hydrocarbon composition.
2. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the oil-in-water emulsion inverts to release the high molecular weight oil-soluble polymer into a hydrocarbon composition resulting in at least 20% drag reduction of the hydrocarbon composition within 15 minutes after contacting the oil-in-water emulsion with the hydrocarbon composition.
3. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the oil-in-water emulsion inverts to release at least 50% of the high molecular weight oil-soluble polymer into the hydrocarbon composition within 20 minutes after contacting the oil-in-water emulsion with the hydrocarbon composition.
4. The polymer composition of claim 2 , wherein the oil-in-water emulsion inverts to release the high molecular weight oil-soluble polymer into a hydrocarbon composition resulting in at least 30% drag reduction of the hydrocarbon composition.
5. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the oil-in-water emulsion is self-inverting upon contact with the hydrocarbon composition.
6. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon composition is recovered from a subterranean hydrocarbon-containing reservoir.
7. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the oil-soluble polymer has a concentration of from about 20 wt. % to about 50 wt. % in the polymer composition.
8. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the temperature-sensitive surfactant comprises a nonionic surfactant, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises an alkoxylated alkylphenol, an alkoxylated alcohol, an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymer, or a combination thereof.
9. The polymer composition of claim 8 , wherein the nonionic surfactant has a cloud point at least 20° C. less than the temperature of the hydrocarbon composition.
10. The polymer composition of claim 8 , wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises an ethoxylated octylphenol having an average of 5 to 10 ethylene oxide units per molecule, an ethoxylated nonylphenol having an average of 6 to 12 ethylene oxide units per molecule, an ethoxylated branched secondary alcohol having an average of 6 to 10 ethylene oxide units per molecule, and ethoxylated isodecyl alcohol having an average of 4 to 8 ethylene oxide units per molecule, or a combination thereof.
11. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the temperature-sensitive surfactant comprises from about 0.5 wt. % to about 16 wt. % of the polymer composition.
12. A method of delivering the polymer composition of claim 1 to a hydrocarbon composition recovered from a hydrocarbon-containing subterranean formation comprising transporting the polymer composition through a fluid conduit having a length of at least about 500 feet, wherein the viscosity of the polymer composition is less than 500 centipoise in the fluid conduit and the oil-soluble polymer begins being released from the emulsion within 30 minutes of contacting the hydrocarbon composition.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the viscosity of the polymer composition is less than 100 centipoise in the fluid conduit and the oil-soluble polymer begins being released from the emulsion within 5 minutes of contacting the hydrocarbon composition.
14. A method of reducing the drag associated with transporting a hydrocarbon fluid through a subsea flowline comprising transporting the polymer composition of claim 1 through an umbilical line to the subsea flowline and contacting the polymer composition with the hydrocarbon fluid at an injection point.
15. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the nonionic surfactant has a cloud point of equal to or less than 40° C.
16. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the nonionic surfactant has a cloud point of equal to or less than 30° C.